耕作培肥对冬小麦产量构成及叶片生理特性的影响

为了明确豫中麦区合理的耕作培肥模式,研究了该麦区不同耕作深度(耕深30 cm、20 cm)、施无机肥(小麦专用肥,以下称"专用肥")、无机肥混有机肥(鸡粪和饼肥)对冬小麦产量构成和生理特性的影响.结果表明,各处理间单位面积穗数差异不显著,穗粒数差异显著.千粒重浅耕下专用肥配施鸡粪最高,深耕下专用肥配施鸡粪最低,差异极显著;理论产量处理间存在显著差异,深耕下专用肥配施饼肥最高,浅耕下施专用肥最低,耕作施肥对理论产量有显著影响(F=2.946*),施肥对理论产量影响显著(F=5.146*).灌浆中期不同耕作施肥处理对总叶绿素含量影响极显著(F=5.474**)、对NR活性影响极显著(F=7.46**)、对可溶性糖含量影响显著(F=6.168*),总叶绿素含量与NR活性和可溶性糖含量成负相关,与成熟期千粒重成正相关;NR活性与可溶性糖含量成正相关,与成熟期千粒重成负相关;可溶性糖含量与成熟期千粒重成正相关.本研究表明,深耕下专用肥配施饼肥是豫中麦区最好的耕作培肥方式.

Effect of Tillage and Fertilization on Yield Components and Physiological Characteristics in Leaves of Winter Wheat

In order to make clear of the rational model of tillage and fertilization in the middle of Henan province. This study was carried out at the ecological environment of middle Henan provience, with deep tillage (30 cm) and low tillage (20 cm), fertilizing with chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer with organic, the effects of tillage and fertilization on yield components and physiological characteristics of winter wheat were studied. The results showed that there were no difference in spike number among different treatments, and the difference of grains per spike was significant (P<0.05); And 1000 kernel weight in treatment of chemical fertilizer with dried poultry litter with shallow tillage was highest, and that in treatment of chemical fertilizer with dried poultry litter with deep tillage was lowest, and difference was significant at (P<0.01).The results showed that the theoretical yield of chemical fertilizer with cottonseed cake under deep tillage was the highest, while that of chemical fertilizer with shallow tillage was the lowest, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Tillage and fertilaze had significant influence on theoretical yield (F=2.946*), and fertilizer had significant influence on theoretical yield(F=5.146*). In the stage of middle grain filling, tillage and fertilaze had significant influence on total chlorophyl content (F=5.474*), nitrate reductase activity (F=7.46**) and soluble sugar (F=6.168*). There were positive correlation between chlorophyll content and 1000 kernel weight, and there were negative correlation between nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll content; and there were positive correlation between soluble sugar and nitrate reductase activity, and negative correlation between nitrate reductase activity and 1000 grain weight in middle filling. It showed that deep tillage with chemical fertilizer mixed cottonseed was the best model of tillage and fertilization.