隆林牛与郏县红牛线粒体DNA全基因组遗传多样性比较研究

摘　要：［目的］本研究旨在从基因组水平探究隆林牛和郏县红牛的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）全基因组遗传多样性与母系起源，并对2个黄牛品种的mtDNA全基因组遗传多样性进行比较分析。［方法］采用全基因组重测序及生物信息学方法。［结果］在15头隆林牛和28头郏县红牛mtDNA全基因组序列中，共检测到36种单倍型，其中郏县红牛有26种单倍型，隆林牛仅有8种单倍型，2个黄牛品种共享2种单倍型。郏县红牛和隆林牛的平均单倍型多样度（Hd）分别为1.000和0.943，平均核苷酸多样度（Pi）分别为0.0080和0.0053，表明其遗传多样性丰富。构建的系统发育树表明，隆林牛和郏县红牛具有瘤牛和普通牛两个母系支系。［结论］隆林牛以瘤牛起源为主，郏县红牛为普通牛与瘤牛的混合起源，这2个地方黄牛品种具有独特的母系遗传信息，表现出明显的母系遗传差异。

Comparison of Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA on Longlin Cattle and Jiaxian Red Cattle

Abstract: Objective] This study was conducted to explore the genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome and maternal origin of Longlin cattle and Jiaxian Red cattle from the genome level, as well as to comparatively analyze the genetic diversity of mtDNA genome of the two cattle breeds. Method] Whole-genome resequencing and bioinformatics methods were used. Result] A total of 36 haplotypes were detected in mtDNA genome sequences of 15 Longlin cattle and 28 Jiaxian Red cattle, of which 8 haplotypes and 26 haplotypes were found in Longlin cattle and Jiaxian Red cattle, respectively, and only two haplotypes were shared by them. The average haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi) of Longlin cattle and Jiaxian Red cattle were 1.000, 0.943, and 0.0080 and 0.0053, respectively, demonstrating rich genetic diversity in Longlin cattle and Jiaxian Red cattle. The phylogenetic tree showed that Longlin cattle and Jiaxian Red cattle had two maternal lineages with taurine and indicine. Conclusion] Longlin cattle were mainly derived from taurine, Jiaxian Red cattle was derived from a mixture of taurine and indicine. The two local cattle breeds had unique maternal genetic information and showed obvious maternal genetic differences.