甘肃省农作物秸秆资源现状及利用潜力研究

目的]厘清甘肃省农作物秸秆资源现状,可为减少农业面源污染,促进全省秸秆综合利用和农业可持续发展提供数据支撑。方法]本文基于统计数据和农户调研数据,综述了全省主要农作物秸秆资源产生量、利用现状、秸秆资源量评估的主要影响因素及利用模式建议。分析了秸秆资源量变化趋势(2007-2017年)；结果]2017年甘肃省农作物秸秆理论资源量为1040.03万吨,可收集量923.62万吨,小麦、玉米、大豆三类农作物秸秆占总量的87.33%,利用量为829.79万吨,综合利用率达89.84%,资源化利用方式以饲料化为主,肥料化为辅。秸秆主要利用方式包括秸－饲－肥饲料化利用、 秸－菌－肥基料化利用、秸－沼－肥燃料化利用、秸－炭－肥原料化利用。结论]以循环农业的角度出发,秸秆炭化还田作为一种重要的秸秆利用方式之一,具有培肥地力、固氮减排、间接增产增收等积极效用,可作为现有基础下秸秆资源化利用的一条重要的可行性新途径,对于资源短缺、环境污染和农业可持续发展具有重要意义。

STUDY OF THE CROP STRAW RESOURCES SITUATION AND UTILIZATION POTENTIAL IN GANSU PROVINCE

To clarify the current situation of crop straw resources in Gansu province can provide data support for reducing agricultural non-point source pollution, promoting comprehensive utilization of straw and agricultural sustainable development. The paper is based on statistical data and farmer survey data, summarized the straw yield and utilization situation of main crops, influence factors of straw resource quantity evaluation and suggestions on straw recycling utilization model, also analyzed the variation trend of straw resources in 2007-2017. In 2017, the theoretical resources and collectable quantities of crop straw are 1040.03 million tons and 923.62 million tons respectively, straw of wheat, corn and soybean accounted for 87.33% of the total, the utilization was 829.79 million tons and comprehensive utilization rate reached 89.84%, the main way of utilization is feed conversion, supplemented by fertilizer conversion. Straw recycling mode mainly includes straw - forage - fertilizer mode, straw - bacteria - fertilizer model, straw - marsh - fertilizer model and straw - carbon - fertilizer model. Set out with the Angle of circular agriculture, straw carbonization is one of the important straw utilization methods, it has the positive effect of fertilizing soil fertility, reducing nitrogen fixation and increasing production and income indirectly, can be used as an important and feasible new way of straw resource utilization actually. It is of great significance to resource shortage, environmental pollution and agricultural sustainable development.