丛枝菌根真菌对植物抗旱性研究进展

植物作为固着生物,采取多种策略应对各种外界刺激和胁迫环境,其策略之一就是与丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)建立共生关系.AMF可与80％以上的陆地植物形成共生关系,促进植物生长发育,提高植物抗旱性.AMF增强植物的抗旱性机制主要包括促进土壤团粒结构形成、改善根系构型、提高植物吸收水分能力、增强植物营养摄取、提高植物光合能力及水分利用效率、降低植物氧化损伤、强化渗透调节能力、调节内源激素水平及诱导相关基因的表达.本文从形态、生理生化及基因表达等层面综述了近年来国内外有关AMF提高植物抗旱性方面的研究进展,并提出当前研究存在的问题及今后研究的建议,为加快AMF这一高效生物技术的应用提供帮助.

Research progress on the mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on drought resistance in plants

Plants, as sessile organisms, can adopt various strategies to adapt to external stimuli and adversities. One strategy is the establishment of a symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF can form symbiotic relationships with more than 80% of terrestrial plants, promote plant growth and development, and improve plant drought resistance. AMF mechanisms for enhancing drought resistance include promotion of the formation of the soil aggregate structure, improvement of the root architecture, enhancement of water and nutrient uptake, improvement of photosynthesis and water use efficiency, reduction of oxidative damage, strengthening of osmotic regulation, regulation of endogenous hormones, and induction of related gene expression. This study summarized the research progress of AMF on drought resistance in plants both domestically and overseas regarding morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression and examined the problems of current studies and suggestions for future research.