Genetic diversity loss due to selection for scrapie resistance in the rare Spanish Xalda sheep breed

The effect of selection for scrapie resistance on genetic variability in the rare Xalda sheep breed was studied. Pedigree information comprised 1851 animals (1444 alive) at the moment of sampling. A total of 304 reproductive (or selected for reproduction) Xalda individuals were sampled and genotyped for 14 microsatellites. Genetic variability was assessed using: gene diversity (1 ? average kinship, GD), mean average relatedness (AR) and self-coancestry (c_i) at the genealogical level; and expected heterozygosity (H_e), molecular mean kinship (Mk), molecular self-coancestry (s_i) and rarefacted average number of alleles per locus (A) at the molecular level. Two breeding strategies were evaluated: a) use of only young rams with genotype ARR/ARR and young ewes with low to moderate risk (risk groups R1 to R3); b) breeding without selection for PrP genotypes. The major cause of losses of genetic variability in the Xalda breed is the drift that occurs when a new group of reproductive individuals is selected. The loss of genetic variability is small in females compared to the males, where it is considerable. However, losses at the molecular level for young females with respect to adult females were above 5%. Young male individuals also retained most of the genetic variability assessed in adult rams. Selection against susceptibility to scrapie produced additional losses of more than 2% for H_e and A when rYF individuals are considered. As regards males, the situation becomes critical because of the scant number of available ARR/ARR young rams. The consequences for the management of the Xalda breed are discussed.