民勤荒漠区优良苜蓿引种栽培试验研究

经过3年对引进国外的4个紫花苜蓿优良品种,在民勤荒漠区进行引种栽培试验,结果表明,随春季播期提前,各个品种均有明显提前成熟的趋势。在夏季气温39℃以下和冬季最低气温-30.4℃以上,这些品种均可安全度夏和越冬。不同留茬高度处理下均表现出从留茬0,3,5到7 cm成活率显著提高的趋势,并以留茬高度7 cm最好。“Algonquin”和“Mathias”2个品种在种植第2年可刈割3茬,年度平均风干草产量分别可达到15.3 和16.2 t/hm²,比对照品种分别提高32.8%和40.6%;种子产量分别可达到750和765 kg/hm²,比对照品种分别提高150.0%和155.0%。同时,这2个品种均表现出明显的产草量、产种量高的优势,并具有较强的抗旱、抗寒、抗病虫能力,在民勤荒漠区及同类地区具有推广价值。“Beaver”和“Rangelander”2个品种的种子产量和牧草产量,与对照品种差异不显著,没有太大推广价值。

Cultivation of introduced alfalfa varieties in an arid area of Minqin county

A five-year cultivation practice of four introduced fine varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) at the edge of a desert-oasis in Minqin county was investigated. With spring sowing time advanced, all species were significantly ahead of maturity trends. These varieties safely survived summer and winter, even if the maximum temperature in summer was 39℃ and the minimum in winter was -30.4℃. The survival rate increased as the stubble height under different treatments increased from 0, 3, 5, to 7 cm with 7 cm the best stubble height for plant survival. "Algonquin" and "Mathias" varieties in cultivation in the second year can be mowed three times. The annual average hay production achieved on the two varieties was 15 300 and 16 200 kg/hm~2, respectively, 32.8% and 40.6% greater than that of the control varieties. Seed production was 750 and 765 kg/hm~2, respectively, 155.0% and 150.0% greater than that of the control varieties. At the same time, these two varieties have shown stronger anti-drought, winter hardy and anti-worm capabilities in a Minqin desert area and similar areas, therefore promoting their economic value. There were no significant differences of seed production and forage production between "Beaver" and "Rangelander" varieties and the control variety.