日本综合农协的发展变迁、经验教训及对中国农民合作社的镜鉴

综合农协在日本农业农村发展中发挥着重要作用,其发展经验一直受到学者们的广泛关注。本文从数量变动、会员发展、人员配置、资产损益入手,全面透视日本综合农协组织及事业发展的变迁历程,客观总结综合农协可被学习的成功经验和值得警醒的负面教训。同时立足中国正持续探索农民合作社发展之路这一背景,从路径选择、动力来源、目标确立这三个层面入手,全面深入探讨综合农协对农民合作社的镜鉴,提出农民合作社在发展路径选择上应拒绝综合化模式、培育专业化组织,坚持务实和灵活、兼顾民主与效率;在动力来源上应发挥内部"五自"功能、激发内生发展动力,完善外部制度规范、注重多元外部支持,聚焦"关键少数"、激活"能人效应";在目标确立上应推进小农户现代化、助力农业现代化;服务乡村振兴、助力乡村现代化,关注权益保护、维护农户利益。

Study on the Development,Lessons of Experience of JA and Their Reference for Farmers' Cooperatives in China

Japan Agricultural Cooperative(JA) plays an important role in the development of agriculture and rural areas in Japan, and its development experience has always attracted the attention of China. This article starts with changes in quantity, membership development, personnel allocation, and asset profit and loss, and provides a comprehensive perspective on the development and changes of JA’s organization and business, and objectively summarizes the successful experience that JA can learn and the negative lessons worthy of vigilance. Exploring the background of the development path of farmers’ cooperatives, starting from the three aspects of path selection, power source and goal establishment, comprehensively and in-depth discussion of JA’s reflection on China’s farmers’ cooperatives, and proposed that farmers’ cooperatives should refuse to comprehensively select the development path. In terms of power sources, we should give full play to the internal "five-self" function, stimulate endogenous development momentum, improve external system norms, pay attention to diversified external support, and focus on“the minority of the key”and activate the“capable person effect”;in the establishment of goals, the modernization of small farmers should be promoted, and the modernization of agriculture should be promoted;the revitalization of rural areas should be served, and the modernization of rural areas should be supported, and attention should be paid to the protection of rights and interests and the interests of farmers.