新时代基层农技推广体系改革创新实践探索、制约因素及深化路径

在农业生产转型背景下,小农户和新型农业经营主体对公益性农技服务仍然存在刚性需求,但基层农技推广服务市场却出现了"公益疲弱与市场主导"双向发展的局面,如何从根本上解决农业生产经营主体农技服务获取困境是当前基层农技推广体系改革创新的焦点。本文基于江西省五个基层农技推广体系改革创新试点县的案例,通过案例研究分析基层农技推广体系改革创新实践探索的具体成效、制约因素和深化路径。研究发现:在供给乏力、需求换代、技术变革和机制不畅等新时代背景下,基层农技推广体系改革实践探索取得了增量提质、融合发展、服务升级和机制创新等成效,但仍存在农技服务多元供给不畅通、农技推广人员考评机制难执行、服务供需匹配不精准和推广机构运行机制不完善等问题。为此,从引导新型农业经营主体参与服务供给、激发基层农技推广队伍生机活力、实现基层农技推广服务供需精准匹配、完善基层农技推广体系长效运行机制等方面提出深化路径。

Practical Exploration,Constraints and Deepening Paths of the Reform and Innovation of Grass-roots Agricultural Technology Extension System in the New Era

Under the background of agricultural production transformation, farmers with small scales and new agricultural business entities still have rigid demands for public welfare agricultural technology services, but the market of grass-roots agricultural technology extension services has a two-way development situation of“weak public welfare and domination by the market”.Thus the focus of reform and innovation of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system is how to fundamentally solve the dilemma of accessing to agricultural technology services.Based on the cases of five pilot counties in Jiangxi Province, this paper analyzes the specific effectiveness, constraints and deepening paths of the reform and innovation of the grass-roots agricultural technology promotion system.It is found that in the context of the new era of weak supply, demand replacement, technological change and poor mechanism, the practical exploration of the reform of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system has achieved the effectiveness of quantity and quality improvement, integration development, service upgrading and mechanism innovation, but there are still problems such as poor diversified supply of agricultural technology services, difficulties in assessment mechanism of agricultural technicians, imprecise matching of service supply and demand, imperfect operation mechanism of extension institutions and so on.Therefore, the deepening path is proposed in terms of guiding new agricultural business entities to participate in service supply, stimulating the vitality of grass-roots agricultural extension team, realizing the precise matching of supply and demand, and improving the long-term operation mechanism.