成年牦牛小肠结构及黏膜免疫相关细胞数量变化研究

为了揭示成年牦牛小肠结构和黏膜免疫相关细胞的分布与数量变化的规律,本研究采用组织化学法、图像分析法及透射电镜技术,对成年牦牛小肠形态结构及上皮内淋巴细胞、杯状细胞、浆细胞和肥大细胞数量的变化进行了研究.结果表明:牦牛小肠壁由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜构成.小肠中十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值最高、肌层最厚；空肠绒毛最高、隐窝最深；3段小肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值和肌层厚度之间差异极显著(P＜0.01).牦牛小肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量由十二指肠向空肠、回肠逐渐减少,且差异极显著(P＜0.01),杯状细胞和肥大细胞数量也逐渐减少,而浆细胞数量则由十二指肠到回肠逐渐递增,且差异极显著(P＜0.01).电镜观察表明,牦牛小肠绒毛上皮细胞连接为紧密连接、缝隙连接和半桥连接,细胞游离面微绒毛丰富；上皮内淋巴细胞核大、胞质较少；杯状细胞呈典型高脚杯状,细胞顶端含有大量的分泌颗粒而膨大；浆细胞呈圆形或椭圆形,染色质沿核膜排列,胞质中有丰富的内质网；肥大细胞呈椭圆形,胞质内充满电子密度极强的大小不等的膜包颗粒.成年牦牛小肠结构特点能大大地提高了对高寒草地牧草的消化和吸收效率；而小肠各段有规律的分布了丰富的黏膜免疫相关细胞,显示牦牛小肠黏膜具有很强的黏膜免疫屏障功能.

Study on the Structure and Quantitative Changes of Mucosal Immunity-associated Cells in Small Intestine of the Adult Yak

In order to reveal the structure and the distribution and number changes of small intestinal immunity in the adult yak,the morphological structure and intraepithelial lymphocytes,goblet cells,plasma cells and mast cells of small intestine of adult yak were investigated by histochemical technique,the scion image software analysis techniques and the electron microscope technique.The results showed that there were mucousmembrane,submucosa,tunica muscularis and serosa in small intestine of the yak.The ratio of ...