利用远缘杂交与半配合法选育抗蚜棉花新品种

以栽培种陆地棉晋棉6号(G hirsutnm,2n=52)作母本、野生种异常棉(G anomalum,2n=26)作父本,采用对杂交铃喷(滴)GA3(45 mg/L),NAA(50 mg/L)和离体培养杂交当代幼胚技术,对F1幼苗进行染色体加倍,以克服杂交当代不亲和性及其后代不育性。F2～F3连续用晋棉6号作父本回交转育,以抗蚜虫、抗枯萎、抗黄萎、早熟、高产为目标,自F4连续11代定向选择与鉴定,应用棉花半配合育种技术快速稳定远缘杂交后代,克服了远缘杂种后代各种性状长期疯狂分离的现象,育成了特早熟抗蚜棉花新品种晋棉51号。

Selection of New Cotton Variety with Aphid Resistance by Distant Hybridization and Semigamy

Crosses were made with upland cotton cultivars Jinmian 6 as the female parent and wild species of cotton abnormal male parent.The chromosomes of F_1 seedings were doubled on hybrid bell by using spray (drop) GA_3 (45 mg/L),NAA (50 mg/L) and in vitro cultured immature embryos of contemporary hybridization technology to overcome hybrid incompatibility and their contemporary descendants sterility.Backcross Was continuously made with Jinmian 6 as male in F_2～F_3,then the directional selection and identification were made since the F_4 for 11 times to anti-aphids,anti-withering,anti-yellow wilt,early maturity and high yield.The distant hybrid progenies were stabilized rapidly by using cotton semigamy breeding technology.The long-term crazy separation phenomenon have been overcome in the distant hybridization offspring,and the new Jinmian 51 variety with early maturing and aphid resistance have been bred.