气候变化对云南耿马甘蔗生长发育的影响

以耿马县1984—2006年甘蔗和同期气象观测资料,分析了甘蔗生长发育的变化,以及气候变化对甘蔗生长发育的影响。结果表明,播种—发芽期积温和日照时数与发育天数有较强的正相关关系,其次是降水量,平均气温的升高则对成熟后的茎鲜重有一定的负影响。发芽—茎伸长期气温升高缩短了发育天数,并降低了茎高,积温对发育天数有较强的正效应。茎伸长—茎成熟期积温和日照对发育天数的正影响较大,而随着降水量的下降,茎高和茎鲜重均下降。整个生育期积温和日照对甘蔗发育的正作用较大,而气温的负作用较大。在气候暖干化加剧的背景下,应提高甘蔗栽培和管理水平,加强抗性品种的选育工作和抗旱保墑措施。

Effects of Climate Change on Growth and Development of Sugarcane in Gengma,Yunnan Province

The effects of climate change on sugarcane growth and development were analyzed by using the sugarcane and meteorological observation data in the same season from 1984 to 2006,in Gengma County,Yunnan Province.The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between three factors（cumulative temperature,sunshine hour and rainfall） and developmental days from seeding to germination period of sugarcane,but as increasing temperature a negatively influence on fresh weight of sugarcane stalks after maturation.Increased temperature shortened developmental days and decreased sugarcane stalks height in stalk elongation period.The cumulative temperature may positively effect on developmental days.Both cumulative temperature and sunshine hour were positive correlated with developmental days,whereas,as rainfalls dropped,both stalk height and stalk fresh weight were decreased in maturation period.In the whole development period of sugarcane,cumulative temperature and sunshine hour were positive,but temperature was a negative correlativity to sugarcane development.The results suggested that under the globe climate warming,sugarcane cultivation and management levels should be improved and breeding of resistant variety and drought-relief measures were also needed.