"新梨7号"雄性不育特性及其败育的细胞学研究

利用石蜡切片法，观察比较了“新梨7号”及其父母本花药发育和花粉发育过程中细胞学上的变化特征。研究结果表明：“新梨7号”梨花器小，花药干瘪，几乎无花粉粒，表现出雄性不育的空囊花药；导致花粉败育的主要原因可能是：绒毡层细胞在花粉母细胞时期出现畸形、提旱解体，致使绝大多数小孢子母细胞不能正常发育，即使有的小孢子母细胞可以进行减数分裂，但形成的小孢子四分体也不能正常发育成为成熟的花粉粒，导致最终败育。目前大量研究已表明，雄性不育是由基因或染色体调控的。因此，本试验的形态解剖结果是不育基因表达的产物。

CYTOLOGICAL STUDY OF MALE STERILITY AND POLLEN ABORTION IN PEAR (PYRUS SPP.) VARIETY "XINLI 7"

The cytomorphological features of pollen and anther development in Xinli 7 (Pyrus spp.) and its parents were examined with a light microscope. Compared with its parents, Xinli 7 had smaller floral parts, shriveled or empty anthers and few pollen grains, thus resulting in the formation of sterile empty pollen sacs. Pollen abortion was mainly attributed to abnormality and premature disintegration of tapetum cells occurring during the formation of microspore mother cells, most of which failed to develop normally. Even if a few microspore mother cells succeeded in completing their meiosis, the tetrasporophytes could not form mature pollen grains.