菌渣对土壤性状和作物的影响及其再利用研究进展

食用菌菌渣可以作为有机肥或者土壤改良剂施用，具有较高的利用价值。菌渣施入土壤后会对土壤的结构、物质组成和营养平衡等产生一系列的作用，导致土壤有机质组成发生变化，同时也必然会影响到微生物的组成、数量及活性，进而对土壤中物质和能量的转化、土壤和肥料中营养物质的有效性产生影响。介绍了食用菌菌渣的营养成分特征，阐述了施用菌渣对土壤物理化学性状的影响、讨论了菌渣对土壤生物的影响、对作物的产量及品质的影响以及对菌渣的主要再利用途径，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望，以期对菌渣的再利用和农业可持续发展提供理论参考。

Effect of Mushroom Residue on Soil Property and Crop and Research Progress in its Recycling

Mushroom residue can be used as organic fertilizer or soil amendment agent and it has high usage value. Once applied into the soil, mushroom residue will produce a series of effects on soil structure, material composition and nutrient balance, which make the soil organic matter composition change, and at the same time, the microorganism composition, quantity and viability, the transformation of material and energy in soil, and the effectiveness of nutrients in soil and fertilizer will be inevitably affected. This paper briefly introduced the nutrition characteristics of edible mushroom residue, reviewed the effect of mushroom residue on soil physical and chemical properties, and described its influence on soil biomass, crop yield and quality. Before ending, the paper discussed the main way of recyclling, and prospected its future research direction, hoping to provide theoretical reference for the reuse of mushroom residue and sustainable agriculture development.