五个小麦品种麸皮脂质成分分析

小麦麸皮中有一定量对人体健康有益的脂质成分，这些脂质可以作为优质植物原材料应用于食品或工业生产。为了解不同小麦品种麸皮的脂质组成，用乙酸乙酯萃取法提取脂质，并进行硅烷化衍生处理，建立气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用法测定了5个小麦品种的麸皮脂质成分及含量。结果表明，从麸皮脂质中共鉴定出20种化合物，可归纳为游离脂肪酸、烷基间苯二酚（ARs）、甾醇（β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾烷醇）、单酰基甘油酯、甲基烷基间苯二酚和烷烃等六大类。ARs（相对含量31.8%~41.7%）和游离脂肪酸（相对含量24.0%~31.3%）在总脂质中占比较高，甾醇含量次之，其他化合物含量较少。ARs由侧链长度为17~25奇数链烷烃组成，二十一烷基间苯二酚含量（732.7~1 158.4 μg·g^-1）显著高于ARs其他同系物(P＜0.05)。不同小麦品种麸皮的脂质各组分含量不同，且品种之间存在显著差异，西农979和淮麦21中的ARs含量最高。

Analysis of Lipid Composition in Bran of Five Wheat Varieties

Wheat bran contains a amount of lipids, which are beneficial to human health, and can be used as a high-quality plant raw material in food or industrial production. To understand the lipid composition of different wheat varieties, lipids were extracted using ethyl acetate extraction method and subjected to silylation derivatization treatment. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was established to determine the lipid composition and content of five wheat varieties. The results showed that 20 compounds were identified in bran lipids, which can be classified as free fatty acids, alkylresorcinols (ARs), sterols（β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmastanol), monoacylglycerols, methylalkylresorcinols, and alkanes. ARs (relative content 31.8%-41.7%) and free fatty acids (relative content 24.0%-31.3%) are dominant, followed by sterols and other compounds. ARs are composed of odd chain alkanes with side chain length of 17-25, and heneicosylresorcinol content (732.7-1 158.4 μg·g^-1) was significantly higher than other homologues of ARs(P＜0.05). The content of lipid components in wheat bran varies among different varieties, and there are significant differences among varieties, with ARs content highest in Xinong 979 and Huaimai 21.