32种经济竹种的组培及苗木培育技术研究

选用了32个竹种作为微体快速繁殖材料,采用以芽繁芽的途径实现快繁。当选用竹子种子作为外植体时得到的组培效果最好,其次是幼年竹节芽和小枝芽,成年竹节芽最差。同等条件下,毛环刺竹、实心瓜多竹、孝顺竹、黄金碧玉竹、非洲锐药竹、麻竹和大佛肚竹更易成活和发笋,人面竹的成活率最低。选用蛭石作为育苗基质取得了较为理想的试验结果。用麻竹组培苗(1 a生苗)作为试验材料,得出腐殖土可作为优良的育苗基质,30%锯末+70%红土次之。组培苗移栽后施以NPK复合肥作为叶面肥,配以微量元素的追肥可提高成活率。对竹苗进行封顶处理可促进发笋。播种苗和组培苗便于运输,且成本低,但因竹子种子不易获得,所以组培苗是作为生产竹苗的最佳选择。

Tissue Culture and Seedling Cultivation Technique of 32 Kinds of Economic Bamboo Species

Thirty two bamboo species were selected as rapid micropropagation material, using method of buds propagating buds to achieve rapid propagation. Results showed tissue culture effects of using bamboo seed as explants was the best, followed by juvenile bamboo shoots and the buds, adult bamboo buds was the worst. Under same conditions, Basmbusa balcooa, Guadua amplexifolia, B. mutiplex, B vulgaris cv. Vittata, Oxythenathera abysinica, D. latiflorus and B. vulgaris were more likely to survive and shoots, the lowest survival rate was Phyllostachys aurea. Choosing vermiculite as a nursery substrate obtained best test results. Using tissue culture seedling （one year seedling） of D. latiflorus as test materi- al, results showed humus soil could be an excellent nursery matrix, 30% Sawdust ＋70% laterite taken second place. After transplanting of tissue culture seedling, taking NPK compound fertilizer as a foliar fertilizer and with trace elements dressing could improve the survival rate. Sealing-top of bamboo seedling could promote shoots. Planting seedlings and tissue culture seedling were easy to transport with low cost, but bamboo seeds were not readily available, so using tissue culture seedling as bamboo species was the best choice.