浙江省杨梅资源的利用及生态效益

从多角度研究了杨梅资源的利用。浙江省有杨梅3．8万hm^2，年产量近13万t，主产区为宁波、台州和温州等3市，面积和产量分别占全省的74．76％和78．39％。县（市）中余姚杨梅面积最大，慈溪产量为最高。主产区大面积平均单产7．50－9．75t.hm^-2，小面积丰产林45．00t.hm^-2；大小年明显，小年减产65．95％，杨梅树冠和树形有极强的阻截暴雨，减少地表径流以及蓄水能力，地表径流比草坡减少11％，，树冠下部凋落物平均厚度5．5cm，每株成年树可保存0．30－0．69m^3的降水量。根部有放线菌共生，能显著提高土壤肥力，提高与其混栽的经济树产量和经济效益。杨梅适应性强，幼树耐阴，能在水土流失严重，土层瘠薄的砾质壤土与成土母质上生长，在残次松林、母树林和杂灌木丝中造林而不需破坏原有植被。同时介绍了各具特色的优良品种及果品营养成分和加工利用。表6参8

Utilization of Myricarubra resources in Zhejiang and their ecological effect

Utilization of Myrica rubra resources was studied from different aspects．Myrica rubra in Zhejiang occupies an area of 38 000 hm2，with an approximate annual yield of 130 000．Ningbo，Taizhou and Wenzhou are the main producing homes，which account for 74.76% of the total in area and 78.39% of the total in yield of the whole province，respectively．In these main producing homes，most of the groves have an average yield of 7.5～9.75 t*hm－2，with some small groves producing 45.00 t*hm－2 red bayberries．There are big differences in yield between alternate years．The yield reduced by 65.95% every other year．The canopy of the species is strong in obstructing storms and reducing soil surface erosion and the water-holding capacity．As a result，the surface erosion is less than that on the grassed slope by 11％；the litter under the canopy has a depth of 5.5 cm on the average；and each adult tree can hold 0.3～0.69 m3 of rainfall．Actinomyces were found in the root system，which has markedly increased soil fertility，yield and the economic effect of the non-timeber species that were mixedly planted with Myrica rubra． Myrica cubra has a strong adaptability．Its young trees are tolerant of shade and can be planted on soil with severe water-cum-soil losses，thin stony loam and soil-forming parent rock．If reforestation is conducted in surviving pine groves，a grove of seed trees or miscellaneous shrubs，it wouldn't be necessary to destroy the original vegetation．In addition，superior cultivars with some characteristics，their nutrients，processing and utilization are also introduced here in this paper．