水肥耦合对水稻生长性状及产量的影响

[目的]研究水肥耦合对水稻生长性状及产量的影响。[方法]在盆栽试验中,以杂交中稻两优培九为材料,设4种土壤水势(淹水、0、-30和-60 kPa)和5种氮肥水平(0、1.5、2、2.5和3.0 g/盆),研究水肥耦合对水稻生长性状及产量的影响。[结果]土壤水势与氮肥水平对水稻产量有显著的互作效应。不施氮时,各水分处理间水稻产量差异不显著,施氮量为1.5 g/盆时,0 kPa水势下水稻产量最高。其他氮肥水平下,水稻产量均随土壤水势的降低而降低;在相应土壤水势下增施氮肥可增加水稻的株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量和植株各部分干重,提高水稻根系活力,增加产量。但施氮量过多,则造成水分胁迫,不利于增产。[结论]水肥对水稻产量的影响表现为明显的协同效应。

Effect of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Growth Characters and Yield of Rice

[Objective] The study aimed to research the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth characters and yield of rice.[Method] In the pot test,with the hybrid mid-rice Liangyoupeijiu as material,4 soil water potential(flooding,0,-30 and 60 kPa) and 5 nitrogen levels(0,1.5,2,2.5 and 3.0 g/pot) were set up to study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth characters and yield of rice.[Result] Soil water potential and nitrogen level had significant interaction effects on rice yield.The differences of rice yield in all water treatments were not significant under no nitrogen application.The rice yield was the highest under 0 kPa soil water potential when nitrogen was applied by 1.5 g/pot.Under other nitrogen levels,the rice yield was decreased with the decline of soil water potential.Under the corresponding soil water potential,when nitrogen amount was increased,the plant height,leaf area,chlorophyll content and dry weight of each part of rice plant all could be increased and the root activity and yield of rice could also be raised.But too much nitrogen amount could cause water stress and go against the increase of rice yield.[Conclusion] The influence of water and fertilizer on rice yield showed obvious synergistic effect.