城镇化对粮食产区耕地利用效率的影响

耕地是粮食产区经济发展的重要支撑要素，探究城镇化对耕地利用效率的影响及其作用机制，对保障国家粮食安全、促进乡村振兴有着重要的决策参考价值。本文基于2004—2019年吉林省39个县市的面板数据，运用随机前沿生产函数测算了各县市的耕地利用效率，在此基础上采用中介效应模型探究城镇化对耕地利用效率的影响机制。结果表明：城镇化对粮食产区耕地的粮食产出效率和农业总产值效率有着不同的作用方向，样本县市耕地的粮食产出效率均值为0.67，逐年呈上升趋势，但农业总产值效率均值为0.26，逐年呈下降趋势；城镇化通过提升农业机械化水平、土地规模化、经济发展水平和产业结构升级促进了耕地的粮食产出效率，但抑制了农业总产值效率，其中经济发展水平的中介作用最为明显。因此，本文提出粮食产区在未来城镇化进程中，要通过增加绿色、有机等高附加值粮食作物的种植比例，提高相关因素对耕地农业总产值效率的促进作用，达到粮食产出和农业总产值效率双增长的目标。

The Effects of urbanization on the farmland use efficiency in grain-producing areas

Farmland is a critical factor for the economic development of grain-producing areas. It is of great significance to explore the effects of urbanization on the farmland use efficiency and the relevant mechanism for guaranteeing the national grain security and promoting rural revitalization. Based on a panel data of 39 counties and cities in Jilin Province from 2004 to 2019, this paper calculated the farmland use efficiency of each county and city by the stochastic frontier production function (SFPF) and explored the influential mechanism of urbanization on the farmland use efficiency by the mediation effect model. Results illustrate that the urbanization has different effects on the grain output efficiency and the total value of farm output efficiency of farmland in grain producing areas. The average grain output efficiency of farmland in the sample counties and cities is 0.67 with an increasing trend year by year. However, the average total value of farm output efficiency is 0.26 with a decreasing trend year by year. On one hand, the urbanization promotes the grain output efficiency of farmland by enhancing the level of agricultural mechanization, land intensification, economic growth, and industrial structure upgrade; on the other hand, it also inhibits the total value of farm output efficiency, among which the mediating effect of the economic growth is most obvious. Therefore, to achieve the goal of both grain and total value of farm output efficiency growth in the future, this paper suggests to improve the stimulation effects of relevant factors on the total value of farm output efficiency of farmland by increasing the proportion of such high value-added grain crops as green grain crops and organic crops in the urbanization process of the grain-producing areas.