黑土区不同水分处理对大豆产量和水分利用效率的影响

以中国科学院海伦农田生态系统野外科学观测研究站内的2011年水分控制试验为基础,分析了四个水分处理对大豆产量和水分利用效率的影响.研究结果表明,不同水分处理对大豆生物量与株高的影响表现为过量水处理(I1)＞适宜水处理(I2)＞自然降水(R)＞干旱水处理(I3);I2能够明显改善大豆的农艺性状,增加大豆的百粒重和每株粒数,降低瘪荚数的发生;与I1,R和I3相比,产量分别增加了13.7％,12.4％和24.1％,R与I2之间的差异表明除了土壤进水量以外,灌溉时间也是影响大豆产量的主要因素之一.受到土壤进水量的限制,I3的水分利用效率最高,为18.36 kg/(hm2· mm),其次为I2为14.38 kg/(hm2· mm).因此,从大豆产量和水分利用效率的角度考虑,在大豆的生长期间内I2的347mm的土壤进水量是能够满足其生长发育需要的,合理的灌溉时间是节约灌溉用水,提高产量和水分利用效率的关键.

The effect of water levels on yield and water use efficiency of soybean in northeast black soil region

Field experiments of controlling water with water levels including over water treatment(I1), suitable wa-ter treatment(I2), drought water treatment(13)and natural rainfall(R) were carried out in order to study the effect of different water levels on yield and water use efficiency of soybean in Hailun agricultural ecology station of Chinese Acade-my of Sciences in 2011. The biomass and plant height of soybean in different treatments were in increasing order of I32·mm), and the second was in I2 with 14.38 kg/(hm²·mm). There-fore, in terms of yield and water use efficieney of soybean, l2 with 347 mm volume of water input could meet the water demand of soybean in the growing season, and irrigation time was critical for saving irrigation water and increasing yield and water use efficiency.