关于发展人工林与建立人工林业问题探讨

全世界森林面积为 34 5 4× 1 0 8hm2 ,其中 3%是人工林。人工林是重要的森林生态系统 ,在木材生产、环境保护和景观建设中具有重要功能和作用。人工林在生产功能方面的补偿作用 ,使天然林可以更好地发挥生态环境价值、森林娱乐和生物多样性保护功能。人工林可持续经营的前提是遗传材料的正确选择与营林实践艺术的结合以及保证这种结合的林业政策。愈来愈多地使用外来树种营建人工林是全球趋势。人工林对于环境和生物多样性的影响 ,可以通过合理的规划和经营措施得到解决。林木育种与遗传改良和经营制度的技术创新是不断提高人工林生态系统生产力的动力。人工林的可持续经营是一个十分复杂的问题 ,中国人工林实现可持续经营面临技术和体制两方面的挑战 ,但是 ,根本出路在于林业经济体制的改革 ,象农业那样 ,在市场经济环境中实行人工林产业化经营 ,建立人工林业 (Forestplantationindustry)。

APPROACHING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTED FORESTS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF FOREST PLANTATION INDUSTRY

The total area of the world's forest was in 1995 estimated to be 3?454 million hectares of which 3% was made of plantations. Forest plantation is essential forest ecosystem with fundamental functions and roles in wood production, environmental protection and landscape design. It is the supplementary function of forest plantations in wood supply that the natural forests can more efficiently used for environmental protection, biodiversity conservation and recreation. The forest plantations can sustainably managed under the preconditions of a combination of correct species selection with silvicultural arts and forestry policy by which the combination is enhanced. Exotic tree species are components of forest genetic resources and play an increasingly important role in the development of commercial plantation forests, in particular, in the tropics and subtropics. The sustainable management of forest plantations is driven by dynamic tree breeding and tree improvement and creative forest management. To practice the essence of sustainable forest management, the Chinese forestry is challenged by both technological and economic systems, however, the way by which the forest plantations can be managed towards sustainability is to reform the economic system of forestry and to follow the mechanism of market economy which has effectively been used in agriculture so that it is possible to establish forest plantation industry in China.