不同采收方式与烤烟上部叶品质的关系

为了改善上部烟叶化学成分和主要挥发性香气物质含量，提高上部叶的可用性，以烤烟品种‘云烟87’为材料，研究了上部烟叶采用常规采烤(T1)、一次性采烤(T2)和带茎砍烤(T3)等3种方法对烤烟上部叶品质的影响。结果表明：（1）与对照相比，上部叶带茎砍烤能明显提高上部烟叶的水溶性总糖、还原糖、钾和石油醚提取物含量，降低总氮和烟碱含量，但对氯含量的影响不大；一次性采收(T2)的效果介于带茎砍烤与常规采收之间。（2）上部叶带茎砍烤有助于提高质体色素的降解程度，其新植二烯含量是对照的1.61倍，类胡萝卜素降解产物含量是对照的1.29倍。（3）上部叶带茎砍烤对非质体色素的降解有较大促进作用，其茄酮、非酶棕色化反应产物和芳香族氨基酸代谢产物等含量均较对照有所增加，增幅分别为28.64%、28.94%和31.79%。因此，带茎砍烤使上部叶化学成分更加协调，提高了上部叶的香气质和香气量，增加了上部叶的工业可用性。

Relationship Between Picking Methods and Quality of Upper Leaf in Flue-cured Tobacco

In order to improve the chemical composition and content of volatile aromatic matter of upper leaves and increase the usability of the upper leaves in flue-cured tobacco. The experiment in the effects of threes different harvesting ways (including common picking method (T1), concentrated picking method (T2), and harvesting with stalk (T3)) by tobacco variety ‘Yunyan 87’ were studied. The results indicated that: (1) compared with the commonly used picking method, the harvesting with stalk could increase total sugar content, reducing sugar content and K content, and decrease total N and nicotine, but the content of chlorine did not show large difference between the harvesting with stalk and common picking method. The effects of concentrated picking method (T2) treatment between common picking methods (T1) and harvesting with stalk (T3). (2) The harvesting with stalk could increase significantly the degrading level of chromoplast pigments, the neoplytadiene content of T3 (harvesting with stalk) was 1.61 times for T1, and the content of degraded by carotene of T3 (harvesting with stalk) was 1.61 times for T1 in upper leaf in flue-cured tobacco. (3) The degrading level of non-chromoplast pigment was accelerated markedly with harvesting with stalk in upper leaf in flue-cured tobacco. The content of solanone, maillard reaction and products of aromatic amino acid metabolism by the harvesting with stalk were higher than the common picking method, increased by 28.64%, 28.94%, and 31.79%, respectively. Therefore, it was an effective way to coordinate the chemical composition of cured leaf and to improve the quality of upper leaves by harvesting with stalk, and to increase the usability of upper flue-cured tobacco leaved.