用木蜡修饰土壤颗粒抑制沙土水分蒸发的研究(英文)

本文目的拟解决荒漠化地区土壤自涵养水分的问题。用分子化天然木蜡通过筛选的特种表面活性剂修饰土壤颗粒表面,将该颗粒构造于模拟沙漠气候的人工气候箱内的试验沙土表面,形成一层透气抑水的土膜,利用水分测定仪、差示热分析仪、X射线衍射、红外光谱等方法研究了该土膜的结构、保水机理和对草生长的影响。结果表明,采用山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯(Span80)对木蜡和粘土颗粒均有有效的分散和分离作用,并使木腊均匀结合于粘土表面,使粘土颗粒间隙变小,亲水孔变为憎水孔,增加了蒸发水分穿透膜层的阻力,实现了土膜的保水功能,在模拟的沙漠气候人工气候箱内实现了草的正常生长。

Inhibiting water evaporation of sandy soil by the soil particles modified with Japanese wax

This study was conducted to resolve the problems of water conservation of sandy soil in desertification areas. The surface of soil particles was modified by molecules of natural Japanese wax through some specially screened surfactant. The modified particles were then well sprayed onto the sand, which was placed in an artificial climate box with simulating desert environment, to form a soil film with effect of suppressing water and gas-permeability. Structure of soil film was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectrometry (IR). And its mechanism of water inhibition was illustrated with DSC and TG curves. Its influence on grass-planting was tested through the instruments of water detector. The results show that sorbitol anhydride stearate(Span 80)could well disperse the Japanese wax and make it combine with the clay which is also dispersed. The pores among soil particles grew smaller and turned from hydrophilic into hydrophobic, in which way resistance to water penetrating through the film was increased. Experimental grass grows normally on sandy soil with the soil film in the artificial desert climate box, indicating that the soil particles modified with Japanese wax is an effective method to inhibit water evaporation.