GIS支持下的铁瓦河小流域景观空间格局动态变化研究

景观空间格局的分析成为景观生态学研究的核心之一。以铁瓦河小流域1994～2002年土地利用分布图为基础，在ARCVIEW和ARC/INFO的支持下，通过选取和计算景观格局指数来分析该流域8年来的景观空间格局动态变化。分析结果表明:除了坡耕地、未利用土地面积减少外，其它类型斑块面积都有所增加，其中梯耕地、林地、水域、园地等增加幅度较大，居民点及工矿用地面积增加幅度较小；8年间，流域景观内各类型斑块的总数量明显增加，其中未利用土地和坡耕地数量明显增加，破碎度指数增加，林地等斑块数量明显减少，破碎度指数大大降低；小流域景观的多样性和均匀度指数有所增加，景观的破碎程度加大，表明景观的异质性程度提高，土地利用向多样化均匀化及破碎化方向发展。

Change of Landscape Pattern of Tiewa River Based on GIS

Landscape pattern is the core of landscape,so the authors take Tiewa River as an example, analyze the change of landscape pattern in 1994～2002 based on ARCVIEW and ARC/INFO softwares. The study result shows that all kinds of patches take great change,such as the area,number,figure,fractal number etc. Except sloping farmland, non-using land decreasing, area of all others increase a lot. Terracing farmland, woodland, water area, garden plot all increase with large range, inhabitant land and industrial land increase with little range; during the 8 years, the patches of the landscape has increased obviously, non-using land and sloping farmland increased evidently and the fragment index increased, while patches of woodland decreased and fragment index decreased. The diversity, fragment index and uniformity index of the landscape all increased, and it shows that the landscape takes a good road to develop.