北京海淀区道路绿地非生长季地表覆盖特征研究

在非生长季,城市绿地中地表覆盖物在缓解空气颗粒物污染方面起到重要作用。文章以北京市海淀区道路绿地作为研究对象,使用分层抽样的方法选出37条道路作为道路样本进行实地调查,分析了非生长季地表覆盖特征及影响要素,初步得到以下结论:(1)复合覆盖模式比单一覆盖模式绿地的灌草及地表覆盖率高,超过15个百分点,且覆盖面积超过80%。(2)非生长季灌草及地表覆盖率分别为76.9%和68.94%。有约30%道路绿地是裸露的,较生长季的45%有所改善。(3)灌草覆盖率超过80%的绿地单元数量占绿地单元总数的37.72%,超过60%的绿地单元数量占绿地单元总数的53.51%,两者都低于生长季;而地表覆盖率超过80%的绿地单元数量占绿地单元总数的23.68%,超过60%的绿地单元数量占绿地单元总数的40.35%,都显著高于生长季。(4)海淀区道路绿地地表覆盖质量整体较好,但四环-五环的绿地区域存在盲区,地表覆盖质量差。最后,文章分析了造成海淀区道路绿地地表土壤裸露的原因,以及养护管理方面存在的问题,并提出生态养护等相关建议。

Characteristics of Surface Mulching of Road Green Space in Non-growing Seasons in Haidian District,Beijing

In non-growing seasons, the soil surface mulching in urban green space plays an important role in easing air particulate pollution. In this research, the road green space in Haidian District was taken as the research object, and 37 roads were selected as the samples for field survey by using stratified sampling methods to analyze the characteristics and influencingfactors of soil surface mulching in non-growing seasons. The preliminary conclusions goes as:(1) The rate of shrubs & herbs mulching and soil surface mulching in composite mulch patterns is 15% higher than single mulch, which is 80% or more; (2) The rate of shrubs and herbs mulching and that of soil surface mulch is 76. 9% and 68. 94% in the non-growing seasons respectively, about 30% of road has bare soil, which is improvedfrom 45% in the growing season; (3) the green space units whose shrub and herb coverage is higher than 80% account for 37. 72% of total green space units, while those whose shrub and herb coverage is higher than 60% take 53. 51% of the total, and both are lower than the figure in growing seasons; the green space units with 80% of surface mulching represent 23. 68% of the total while the those with 60% of surface mulching account for 40. 35% of the total, and both are higher than those in growing seasons; (4) the surface mulching at road green space in Haidian District has higher quality in a whole, but some blind spots are found in the areas between the 4th and 5th rings, with poormulching quality. At the end, the paper analyzed the reasonsfor the bare soil on the surface of road green surface inHaidian District, pointed out the problems in green space maintenance and management, and came up with related suggestions on ecological maintenance.