A mid–late Holocene flood record from the alluvial reach of the Mahi River, Western India

Flooding of rivers in India is linked with the peak monsoons. Investigating the linkage between monsoonal patterns and flood history of various rivers is therefore of fundamental importance in the Indian context. In the present study, the slackwater deposits in the alluvial reaches of the Mahi river basin, western India have been documented. These occur in the ravines incised during the early Holocene on an alluvial surface comprising sediments of Late Pleistocene age. The slackwater deposits occur at elevations up to 20 m from the present river level and extend to about 500 m inland. The carbonate rich sediments forming the ravine cliffs have provided bank stability and the dissections in the ravines have helped in the accumulation of slackwater deposits due to backflooding of the floodwater from the main channel. Recent gullies have incised the sediments and exposed deposits related to major flood events. The best exposures of slackwater deposits have been observed at Dodka. The sediment succession of the slackwater deposits is dominated by bedsets and laminasets of silt and sand separated by colluvial sediments. Four events of flood deposition occurred during the mid to late Holocene. Two units of slackwater deposits, SWD 2 and 4 have been dated by IRSL at 4.6 ± 1 ka and 1.7 ± 0.5 ka. The stratigraphy of these deposits indicates that the first two slackwater units (SWD1 and SWD2) have resulted due to flooding in a regime of intense monsoon. The other two units, however, represent extreme high magnitude floods in a period of low average precipitation.