灌浆期高温前喷施叶面喷剂对小麦产量及籽粒品质的影响

为探明不同叶面喷剂对小麦灌浆期高温危害的缓解作用,于安徽农业大学农萃园2019-2020年小麦生长季内选用0.3％ KH2PO4 (PDP)和0.01％芸苔素内酯溶液(BR)开展了大田试验研究.试验设置小麦灌浆期内自然高温来临前连续喷两次PDP、BR及二者的混合溶液(PB),以喷施等量清水为对照(CK),考察喷施后不同处理对小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、干物质积累、产量及产量构成因素和籽粒品质的影响.结果 表明:灌浆期高温前喷施PDP、BR均可提升高温后旗叶叶绿素含量,PDP与BR无显著差异,PB处理叶绿素含量最高;不同叶面喷剂显著增加小麦干物质积累,PB总干物质积累量显著高于BR和PDP,后两者间无显著差异:PB干物质量最高是由于其对茎叶及籽粒干物质的提升最多;和CK相比,PDP、BR和PB产量均显著提高,增产幅度为5.43％～-9.41％,PB处理产量最高.灌浆期高温前喷施PDP、BR和PB显著改善籽粒品质,主要不同程度地提高了籽粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量,延长面团稳定时间、形成时间及提高面粉沉淀值.综上,小麦灌浆期高温前通过叶面喷施PDP、BR和PB均能显著延缓灌浆期叶片衰老,促进干物质积累,协同提升产量与籽粒品质.以0.3％磷酸二氢钾和0.01％芸苔素内酯溶液混合喷施效果最佳.

Effect of foliar sprays on wheat yield and grain quality before high temperature stress during grain filling period

In order to explore the effect of different foliar sprays on the high temperature stress of grain filling period in wheat, a field experiment was carried out in 2019-2020 wheat growing season at Anhui Agricultural University, Nongcui garden. KH₂PO₄ and brassinolide solution were selected in this study. The experiment was designed to spray twice in succession with 0.3% KH₂PO₄ (PDP), 0.01% brassinolide solution (BR) and the mixed solution of PDP+BR (PB) before natural air high temperature in wheat filling period, and spraying the same amount of water as control treatment (CK), to investigate the effects of different leaf sprays on chlorophyll content of flag leaf, dry matter accumulation (DMA), grain yield (GY), yield components and grain quality of wheat. The results showed that flag leaf chlorophyll content could be increased by spraying PDP, BR before high temperature of grain filling period, while there was little difference between PDP and BR, and it could be further enhanced in PB compared to PDP or BR. Different leaf spray significantly increased the total DMA at maturity, PB significantly higher than those of PDP and BR, and there was no significantly difference between PDP and BR. The more stem and leaf and grain dry matter accumulation in PB resulted in the highest total DMA. Compared with CK, the GY of PDP, BR and PB was increased by 5.43%~9.41%, and the output was the highest under PB treatment. Spraying PDP, BR and PB before the high weather temperature occurrence during grain filling significantly improved grain quality, which improving grain protein concentration and wet gluten content, prolonging dough stabilization time and formation time as well as increasing flour precipitation value. Overall, spraying PDP, BR and PB on winter wheat leaves before high temperature stress of grain filling period can significantly delay leaf senescence, promote dry matter accumulation, and improve grain yield and grain quality. In this study, PB was the best treatment.