The argan tree (Argania spinosa) in Morocco: Propagation by seeds, cuttings and in-vitro techniques |
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Authors: | R Nouaim G Mangin M C Breuil R Chaussod |
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Institution: | (1) Université Ibnou Zohr, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 28/S Agadir (Maroc);(2) Agri Obtention UP-Vitro, BV 1540 –, 21034 Dijon Cedex, France);(3) I.N.R.A., Microbiologie des Sols, B.V. 1540, 21034 Dijon Cedex (, France) |
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Abstract: | In South-western Morocco, the argan tree (Argania spinosa) is basis of a traditional agroforestry system. However, this system is no longer at equilibrium and there is an urgent need
to renovate it. The natural reproduction of the tree has become difficult, and most attempts of artificial regeneration have
failed. We have assessed three different propagation methods: seedlings, cuttings, and in-vitro micro-propagation. Our experiments, involving several seed collections, showed that germination occurred easily when using
young (< 12 months) and large seeds (nut weight > 3 g). Nuts with thin walls germinated better than nuts with thicker walls.
Sterilization prevented microbial contamination and improved germination. Vegetative propagation of the argan tree by cuttings
was tried using lignified cuttings collected from adult trees or young stems from managed stockplants (three years old). Rooting
rate seems to be dependent on genotype, and the best results were obtained from young stems sterilized to avoid fungal contamination.
The success of in-vitro micro-propagation is also highly genotype-dependant. We developed a modified medium enabling up to 80–95% rooting rate for
some clones. However, other clones were still recalcitrant. Whatever the propagation method used, special attention must be
paid to the architecture and growth of the root system.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | domestication micro-propagation minirhizotron rooting system seedlings vegetative propagation |
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