沾益板栗高头换接改造技术及其实效

沾益县具有较大面积的实生低产板栗园。 1998年采用在曲靖表现良好的红油栗、黑油栗、鸡腰栗、早大栗、特早栗、磨盘栗 6个板栗优良无性系对低产栗园进行高头换接改造 ,并加强对改造后栗园的管理 ,取得了良好的效果。改造后 ,6个优良无性系第 2～ 4年每hm2 平均产量分别达 6 73 2kg、 174 5 7kg和 1881kg ,结实率达 10 0 %。最高的早大栗第 2年平均每hm2 产 2 4 88 2kg ,超过了国家规定的丰产标准 ,其坚果的品质亦达优于全国的水平。除介绍实生栗园的改造效果外 ,还系统地介绍了低产栗园的高头换接改造技术及改造后的树体管理技术

Big Tree Grafting Techniques and Its Effects on Low Yield Castanea mollissima Orchard at Zhanyi County

There are around 2 300 hm 2 of low yield Castanea mollissima orchard composing of seedling plants in Zhanyi county of Yunnan province. Using the scions of six clones with superior performance from Qujing city, namely Hongyou, Heiyou, Jiyao, Zaoda, Tezao and Mopan varieties, 2 27 hm 2 of Castanea mollissima orchard at Zhanyi were grafted in 1998. Followed by proper tending and management, an interesting effect was achieved. The average yield after 2, 3 and 4 years was respectively 673 2 kg/hm 2, 1 745 7 kg/hm 2 and 1 881 kg/hm 2, with a fruit bearing percentage of 100 %, which is surpassing the national standard of high yield. Moreover, the quality of the nuts was higher than presented in the national standard. Besides this effect, the approach of grafting, tending and management techniques were systematically introduced.