小麦糯性与紫粒的遗传分析

 【目的】研究糯麦和紫粒麦中糯性和紫粒性状的遗传特性，为培育紫糯小麦新种质提供指导。【方法】以糯小麦C75与紫粒小麦03初3为材料，通过正反杂交，并与糯小麦C75回交，根据后代表型，分析糯性和粒色性状的遗传特性并选育紫糯小麦。【结果】紫粒为母性影响遗传，紫色基因具有剂量效应；在F2:3中，紫色与红色籽粒株的比例符合9﹕7，在BC1F2中，该比例为1﹕3，说明紫粒受2对显性互补基因控制；杂交组合F2:3 的籽粒非糯株与糯株的分离比例符合63﹕1，测交组合BC1F2中，该比例为7﹕1，表明糯性性状受3对相互独立重叠互作的隐性基因控制，非糯为显性性状；控制紫色性状与控制糯性的基因相互独立；经过自交纯化，共收获了5个糯性基因和紫粒基因皆纯合的紫糯小麦新种质。【结论】紫粒呈2对显性互补基因控制的母性影响遗传，隐性性状糯性受3对独立重叠基因控制，采用恰当的杂交育种策略可获得紫糯小麦新种质。

Genetic Analysis of Purple and Waxy Grain in Wheat

【Objective】Waxy-grain wheat and purple-grain wheat are special germplasms with special values in nutrition and quality. Based on the genetic law of waxy and purple grain in concrete materials, purple-and-waxy grain wheat was bred which combined the advantages of both wheats.【Method】Reciprocal cross between waxy-grain wheat C75 and purple-grain wheat 03-Chu-3 was made through the F2:3 generation, and then backcross was done between F1 and C75 through BC1F2 generation. The inheritance of grain color and waxiness were determined according to the phenotypic ratios of each generation, and a new wheat germplasm producing purple-and-waxy grains (named as purple-and-waxy wheat) was created from the filial generation. 【Result】 The purple-grain color, behaving as maternal effect, was controlled by 2 pairs of dominant and complementary genes，and the dosage effect was also found for the purple gene, the ratio of 9purple:7red in F2:3 and 1purple:3red in BC1F2 was observed. The waxiness was controlled by 3 independent pairs of duplicate genes with the non-waxy being dominant to the waxy, the ratio of 63non-waxy : 7waxy in F2:3 and 7non-waxy : 1waxy in BC1F2 were observed. The genes controlling purple grain color are genetically independent to those of waxiness. Five purple-and-waxy wheat lines with homologous waxy and purple genotype were identified in this experiment by selfing purification, and thus a new wheat germplasm, purple-and-waxy wheat, was obtained. 【Conclusion】 Purple grain, having maternal effect, was controlled by two pairs of dominant and complementary genes, waxiness, being recessiveness, was controlled by 3 independent pairs of duplicate genes, and purple-grain wheat, a new germplasm, was obtained.