基于GIS的广东荔枝种植气候区划

以广东1980-2009年气候资料为基础,采用地理信息系统（GIS）技术,对不同熟性荔枝进行气候适宜性区划,为广东荔枝生产布局、品种调整提供科学依据。通过分析广东荔枝生育与气象条件的关系,得出早、中、晚熟荔枝的气候适宜度区划指标有4个：年平均气温、历年极端最低气温、荔枝花芽形态分化关键期的平均气温及开花坐果期的降水量,每个指标分3级,对应适宜、次适宜、不适宜。建立了区划指标的空间分析模型。在专业地理信息系统软件ArcGIS系统支持下,运用模型进行了区划指标的小网格点推算及早、中、晚熟荔枝的气候区划。得出广东适宜中熟荔枝种植的面积最大,达666.53万hm^2;其次是早熟品种,为527.45万hm^2;晚熟荔枝受气温和降水的共同制约,适宜种植的面积较小,为425.25万hm^2。

Climate Suitability and Regionalization of Lychee Planting in Guangdong Based on GIS

In the support of GIS technology,climatic and regionalization for lychee with different maturing was performed based on 1980-2009 climate data in Guangdong.The result could provide scientific guidance to Guangdong lychee production layout and variety selection.Based on the relationship of lychee growth and local climate conditions in Guangdong,four climatic division index,including annual average temperature,extreme minimum temperature for multi-years,average temperature in flower bud differentiation critical period and precipitation in flowering and fruiting period,had been established for early,middle and late maturing lychee.Each index had three levels,corresponding to suitable,sub-suitable and inappropriate.A spatial analysis model for climate division had been produced in terms of those indexes.Using the spatial model and GIS,a smaller grid calculation was conducted and climate division for early,middle and late maturing lychee was achieved.The result showed that in Guangdong,the mid-maturity lychee had largest favorable areas of 6.6653×10^6ha,followed by the early maturing variety,it was 5.2745×10^6ha.Late maturing lychee,which was constrained by temperature and precipitation,had smallest size of suitable area of 4.2525×10^6ha.