中国小麦主栽品种抗条锈性评价与基因分析

为给全国小麦条锈病大区流行的预测预报和综合防控提供数据支持,在陕西杨凌设置当前流行小种CYR32和CYR33的混合病圃,在甘肃天水设置自然发病圃,对74个主栽小麦品种进行连续两年成株期抗病性鉴定,同时对其进行苗期室内分小种(CYR32和CYR33)和田间自然发病状态下的鉴定;分别选用Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18和Yr26等7个已知抗条锈病基因的分子标记进行基因检测。抗病鉴定结果显示,参试的74个小麦主栽品种中,无全生育期抗病品种,4个成株期抗病品种,10个在杨凌成株期抗病的品种在天水自然小种圃中有不同程度的感病;分子检测结果显示,参试小麦品种中24个品种含Yr9,4个品种带有Yr17,5个品种带有Yr26,未发现含Yr5、Yr10、Yr15和Yr18的小麦品种。这一结果表明,当前我国大面积种植的小麦品种抗条锈病水平整体较低,且抗病基因较单一,存在小麦条锈病在条件适宜时大面积流行的风险,必须进一步加强病害预警预报。

Evaluation of Stripe Rust Resistance and Genes in Chinese Elite Wheat Varieties

The major goals of this study were to evaluate the stripe rust resistance level, and to identify the Yr genes in the current elite wheat cultivars in China. Seventy four elite cultivars were investigated for race specific resistance at the seedling stage in greenhouse and at adult plant stage in field for two croping seasons. Two types of disease nursery were established: one is artificial nursery inoculated two mixed prevalent races (CYR32 and CYR33) in Yangling, Shaanxi Province; the other is a natural infection of Pst in Tianshui, Gansu Province. Meanwhile, the seedlings of the cultivars were inoculated with the two races CYR32 and CYR33 respectively in the greenhouse, and also inoculated with mixed races in the nature. Stripe rust resistance genes were postulated using molecular markers in combination phenotyping for the given Yr genes, such as Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18 and Yr26. Of all the cultivars, none of them had seedling (all stage) resistance to stripe rust; 4 entries had adult plant resistance; 10 entries had adult plant resistance at Yangling artificial nursery,while with the high disease pressure at Tianshui natural nursery, few resistant cultivars at the adult plant growth stages were identified; the other cultivars were susceptible to stripe rust. Using molecular markers,the presence of resistance genes Yr9, Yr17 and Yr26 was identified in certain elite cultivars, in 24, 4 and 5 entries, respectively.These results indicated the resistance level to strip rust at the present elite varieties in China was low and had a risk of the pandemic of wheat stripe rust.