布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗鉴别技术研究进展

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种重要的人畜共患传染病，不仅给畜牧业造成严重的经济损失，并威胁人类健康。弱毒疫苗免疫是防控布病的重要手段，但弱毒疫苗的使用往往对布病的诊断和监测造成干扰。各国学者利用细菌学、免疫学、分子生物学等技术手段，建立了病原分离鉴定、补体结合试验、利凡诺尔试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、荧光偏振实验、限制性片段长度多态性、PCR、real-time PCR等多种布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗鉴别检测方法。研究表明，ELISA和FPT以其高通量以及操作方便的优势，在布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗与野生菌株感染的血清学鉴别诊断方面前景良好；分子生物学特别是PCR、real-time PCR方法目前仍广泛用于布鲁氏菌纯培养物的鉴定。

Research Advances in Identiifcation of Attenuated Brucella Vaccines

Brucellosis is a crucial zoonosis caused by Brucella. It is responsible for substantial economic losses and poses a threat to human health as well. Immunization with attenuated vaccines has proved to be an effective method for its prevention;however,it may interfere with its diagnosis. Using bacteriology,immunology and molecular biology techniques,many identiifcation assays for attenuated Brucella vaccines were established,such as pathogen isolation and identiifcation,complement ifxation test,rivanol test,ELISA,fluorescence polarization test,restriction frag-ment length polymorphism,PCR,real-time PCR and so on. These studies indicated that with the advantages of high throughput and easy operation,ELISA and FTP have good prospects in serological identiifcation of attenuated Brucella vaccines. Moreover,molecular biological methods,especially PCR and real-time PCR,are still widely used for iden-tiifcation of the pure cultures.