菌渣还田对梨园土壤性状及梨果品质的影响

在7年生梨树行间进行10、12.5和15kg/m23种投料量的覆土栽培平菇试验,将出菇后的菌渣还田,以探明菌渣还田对梨园土壤性状及梨果实品质的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,菌渣还田使0～40cm土层土壤容重降低7.3%～14.9%(P<0.05),土壤空隙度增加4.2%～11.5%(P<0.05),土壤总有机碳含量提高32.7%～56.0%(P<0.01),活性有机碳含量提高39.2%～92.5%(P<0.01),并提高了活性有机碳占总有机碳含量比例;(2)与对照相比,0～40cm土层细菌数量提高12.1%～47.0%,放线菌数量提高19.5%～82.8%;真菌数量68.7%～163.6%(P<0.01),微生物生物量碳氮分别提高13.4%～32.2%(P<0.01)和9.3%～37.1%;(3)土壤脲酶活性提高23.2%～47.6%(P<0.05),蔗糖酶活性提高25.7%～58.6%(P<0.01),磷酸酶活性提高14.8%～33.6%(P<0.01)、过氧化氢酶活性提高4.8%～20.2%,且随菌渣还田量的增加而增加;(4)菌渣还田使梨单果重提高9.2%～15.0%(P<0.05),硬度增加3.9%～5.3%(P<0.05),可溶性固形物含量提高11.7%～19.5%(P<0.05),可溶性糖含量提高4.2%～6.3%(P<0.05),可滴定酸含量降低3.1%～7.7%。在梨树行间按15kg/m2投料量覆土栽培平菇,还田后的菌渣可显著提高梨园0～40cm土层土壤肥力,并改善梨果实品质。

EFFECTS OF RETURNING FIELD OF MUSHROOM RESIDUE ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND FRUIT QUALITY IN PEAR ORCHARD

In this study,the pleurotus ostreatus with overlying soil of 3 different feed amount(10,12.5 and 15kg/m2)were planted in the tree row interval of 7a pear,and the mushroom residue were returned after cultivation with sterile residue returning as control.The results showed that(1) soil bulk density reduced by 7.3% to 14.9%(P<0.05),soil porosity increased from 4.2% to 11.5%(P<0.05),total soil organic carbon content increased by 32.7%~56%(P<0.01) compared with the control,and active organic carbon content increased from 39.2% to 92.5%(P<0.01) and active organic carbon ratio in 0~40cm soil layer improved;(2) bacterial numbers increased by 12.1%~47.0%,actinomycetes increased 19.5%~82.8%,the number of fungi increased by 68.7%~163.6%(P< 0.01),microbial biomass carbon increased by 13.4%~32.2%(P<0.01),and nitrogen increased by 9.3%~37.1%;(3) soil urease activity increased from 23.2% to 47.6%(P< 0.05),the activity of invertase increased from 25.7% to 58.6%(P<0.01),phosphatase activity increased from 14.8% to 33.6%(P<0.01),catalase activity increased from 4.8% to 20.2%,and all of them increased with the amount of mushroom residue;(4) pear fruit weight increased from 9.2% to 15.0%(P<0.05),and hardness increased by 3.9%~5.3%(P<0.05),soluble solids content increased by 11.7%~19.5%(P<0.05),the content of soluble sugar increased from 4.2% to 6.3%(P<0.05),titratable acid content decreased from 3.1% to 7.7%.The mushroom residue returning after cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in pear tree rows with 15kg/m2 applied for covering soil would increase the soil fertility of 0-40cm soil layer and improve the frwit quality of pear.