贮藏温度对向日葵花粉生活力的影响

为了解决向日葵杂交育种中花期不遇或远距离杂交等问题,探寻适合向日葵花粉长期贮藏的条件,以3个向日葵品种的花粉为试材,均在室温(20℃)、低温(4℃)、冷冻(液氮处理后-80℃保存)、超低温(-196℃的液氮中保存)4种温度条件下保存360 d,采用离体培养的方法,定期测定了不同贮藏时间后的花粉活力,以探索适宜向日葵花粉贮藏的温度条件。结果表明:20℃室温贮藏,花粉活力下降很快,贮藏1 d后花粉活力降至50%以下,第7 d时已基本失活,不适宜花粉贮藏;4℃低温贮藏,第10 d时花粉活力维持在50%以上,超过10 d后花粉活力快速下降,适宜花粉10 d内的短期贮藏;-80℃冷冻和-196℃超低温贮藏,至360 d时花粉活力与贮藏前相比均变化不大,适宜向日葵花粉的长期贮藏。

Effects of Storage Temperature on Pollen Viability of Sunflower

In order to solve the problems of the flowering period and distant hybridization in the breed-ing,the conditions for the long-term storage of sunflower were explored,taking pollen of three sunflower varieties as test materials, the pollen was stored at temperature of 20℃, 4℃,-80℃,-196℃, then the pollen viability was tested with vitro culture method in different times. The results showed that the pollen viability reduced quickly at 20℃,and almost lost viability after 7 days,which were unsuitable for pollen storage. When stored at 4℃, pollen viability was above 50% after 10 days, which were suitable for pollen storage in 10 days. The temperature -80℃ and -196℃ were suitable for long storage of sun-flower pollen.