转iaaM高衣分棉花种质IF1-1杂种优势分析及育种应用

转iaa M(色氨酸单加氧酶基因)高衣分棉花种质已经培育出来,但应用于育种研究较少。我们利用转iaa M高衣分棉花种质IF1-1做父本、16个陆地棉品种(系)做母本,分别配制杂交组合,检测了亲本及其F1和F2群体的iaa M遗传;田间调查了材料的抗病性及农艺性状,室内考查了产量构成因子,同时进行了产量统计分析;通过系统选育结合分子辅助选择对杂交后代进行定向培育,获得了新的高衣分种质,实现了该种质的育种应用。结果表明:(1)FBP7-iaa M是1对显性基因;(2)与高衣分亲本IF1-1相比,F1和F2代衣分不具备超中与超亲优势,但与16个母本品种(系)相比,却能明显提高现有品种(系)的衣分率;(3)F1代产量尤其是皮棉产量具备较明显的超亲优势,皮棉产量优势值为13.4%,这就意味着可以选择生产上产量较高的品种与IF1-1配制杂交组合,选择高优势杂交种直接利用;(4)F1和F2代抗病性明显好于IF1-1,但与母本相比较差,所以,在杂交后代的选择中应注意观察枯萎病和黄萎病的发病情况,选择抗病性好的后代;(5)子棉产量的提高主要是通过铃重和单株铃数的增加来实现,皮棉产量的增加则是通过子棉产量与衣分的共同提高来完成;(6)杂交后代具备选择出高衣分新品系的潜力。本研究实现了将国家科技重大专项获得的第2代转基因棉花种质应用于棉花育种,对提升我国生物育种水平具有重大意义。

Heterosis Analysis and Application for the High Percentage Cotton Germplasm IF1-1 with iaaM

The high lint percentage germplasm transgenic iaaM lines have been developing, but seldom applied to breeding. We use the high lint percentage germplasm transgenic iaaM lines IF1-1 as the male parents and 16 upland cotton varieties (lines) as female parents to construct the hybrid combinations. We have detected the iaaM hereditary in parents,F1,and F2 populations and investigated disease resistance and agronomic traits in the field. Meanwhile through the analysis of the yield components and production statis-tics in these populations, the hybrid progeny was oriently bred by the means of combination pedigree breeding method and MAS. We have achieved the new germplasm with high lint per centage breeding application. The results showed that (1)FBP7-iaaM gene is dominant gene.(2)Although compared with high lint parents IF1-1, the lint in F1 and F2 do not have the mid heterosis a nd heterobeltiosis, it can significantly improve the existing varieties (lines) lint percentage rate com paring with the 16 female parents varieties (lines). (3)The F1 production has heterosis compared with parents especially in the lint production, the lint yield advantage is 13.4%. That means we could directly select the high production hybrids to use by hybridizing higher yield varieties with IF1-1. (4)The resistance of F1,F2 populations is significantly better than IF1-1,but it is worse than the female parent. So we should select the better disease-resistant in the hybrids by observing the incidence of blight and verticillium incidence. (5)By analyzing the advantages traits,indicating that the major increase cotton yield by increasing boll weight and boll number to achieve. But lint yield increasing and improving by the lint and seed cotton yield increased together. (6)The hybrids have high potentiality to selecte new lint lines. The second generation of transgenic cotton germplasm has been obtained,under the support of the na-tional science and tec hnology major projects. In this study, the cotton germplasm is applied to cotton breeding successfully. This is of great significance to improve the level of biological breeding in China.