灌溉量对新疆滴灌密植高产春玉米光合特性及产量的影响

选用玉米品种先玉335、郑单958和KWS3564为试材,以新疆当地高产玉米常规灌溉量6 000 m~3/hm~2为对照(CK),设置4 200(T1)、4 800(T2)、5 400 m~3/hm~2(T3)3个灌溉水平,研究灌溉量对新疆滴灌高产春玉米(≥15 000 kg/hm~2)光合特性、叶片水分利用效率和产量的影响。结果表明,随灌溉量减少幅度的增大,光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶面积指数明显下降,叶片水分利用效率提高,且在吐丝期更敏感,胞间CO2浓度呈上升趋势。不同品种的产量随灌溉量的变化存在差异,常规灌溉量(6 000 m~3/hm~2)降低10%(5 400 m~3/hm~2)时,先玉335和KWS3564产量降低5.82%~7.25%,郑单958产量无明显变化,均具有相对较高的水分生产率。综合比较,5 400 m~3/hm~2灌溉水平适宜在该地区应用。

Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Regimes on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Spring Maize Under the Condition of High-yield and Planting Density in Xinjiang

Maize varieties Xianyu335, Zhengdan958 and KWS3564 were used as test materials, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics, water use efficiency(WUE) and yield of spring maize under the condition of drip irrigation and high planting density in Xinjiang. Four treatments were installed, i.e., the different levels of irrigation were designed as 4 200(T1), 4 800(T2), 5 400(T3) and 6 000 m³/ha(CK). The results showed that with the decreasing of irrigation photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf area index decreased significantly while the leaves'' WUE increased. And the phenomenon was more significant in the duration of tasselling stage. When the conventional irrigation quantity(CK) was reduced by 10%, the yield of Xianyu335 and KWS3564 decreased by 5.82%-7.25%, and that of Zhengdan958 had no significant change. So the irrigation quantity of 5 400 m³/ha was reasonable for maize growth in this region.