灌水量和时期对宽幅精播冬小麦籽粒产量及品质特性的影响

为探讨中国北方地区宽幅精播麦田的节水灌溉模式,2010-2011年,在山东农业大学农学试验站,以济麦22为试验材料,采用宽幅精播和常规种植两种种植模式,每种种植模式设3种灌溉处理,研究了宽幅精播和灌溉对籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量以及相关主要品质特性的影响。结果表明,宽幅精播显著提高冬小麦产量,增产的原因在于显著增加了产量构成因素中的穗数,且以灌拔节水和抽穗水条件下增产潜力最大。常规播种提高了籽粒蛋白质含量,但籽粒蛋白质产量仍以宽幅精播最高。宽幅精播灌两水处理提高了湿面筋含量和面筋指数。综合考虑冬小麦产量和品质,以宽幅精播条件下于拔节期和抽穗期各灌溉60mm为宜。该研究可为中国北方冬小麦的节水灌溉及高产优质栽培提供理论依据和技术支持。

Effect of irrigation amount and stage on yield and quality of winter wheat under wide-precision planting pattern

Abstract: The limited water resources in the North China Plain have compelled the farming community to implement water-saving measures. In order to discuss saving-water planting pattern of winter wheat in the North China Plain during 2010-2011 winter wheat growing season at the Agronomy Station of Shandong Agricultural University. A split-plot design was applied with 2 planting patterns, i.e., wide-precision planting pattern and conventional-cultivation planting pattern, in the main plots, and 3 different irrigation regimes, i.e., 60 mm irrigated at jointing and heading stages, irrigated 60 mm only at jointing stage, and non-irrigation in the whole growing season, to study the effects of planting pattern and irrigation on grain yield and yield components, protein yield, protein content, gluten index, wet gluten content, sedimentation volumes, water absorption, dough development time, and dough stability time, etc. The results showed that wide-precision planting pattern significantly increased winter wheat grain yield, which was attributed to increasing spike numbers significantly. Under the conditions of irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages, the increase production potential in wide-precision planting pattern was much better than that in conventional-cultivation planting pattern. Conventional-cultivation planting pattern increased grain protein content; however, no matter irrigated 60 mm only at jointing stage or irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages, the protein yield in wide-precision planting pattern was much higher than that in conventional-cultivation planting pattern. 60 mm irrigated each at jointing and heading stages in wide-precision planting pattern, the gluten index and wet gluten content were significantly higher than those in non-irrigation or only irrigated 60 mm at jointing stage; however, 60 mm irrigated each at jointing and heading stages in conventional-cultivation planting pattern, the gluten index and wet gluten content were significantly lower than those in non-irrigation or only 60 mm irrigated at jointing stage. 60 mm irrigated each at jointing and heading stages in wide-precision planting pattern, the sedimentation volumes was significantly lower than those in non-irrigation or irrigated 60 mm only at jointing stage; hence, under deficit irrigation conditions, wide-precision planting pattern could improve processing quality of winter wheat grain yield. Compared with conventional-cultivation planting pattern, wide-precision planting which irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages significantly increased water absorption. The results indicated that 60 mm irrigated each at jointing and heading stages in wide-precision planting pattern achieved reasonable winter wheat grain yield and yield quality; hence, in the North China Plain, application of conventional-cultivation planting pattern should be restricted. Instead, wide-precision planting pattern should be used in combination with deficit irrigation to increase winter wheat grain yield and improve yield quality. The study could provide theoretical basis and technical support for water-saving agriculture and high yield and high quality winter wheat cultivation in the North China Plain.