Field evolved resistance to carbamates,organophosphates, pyrethroids,and new chemistry insecticides in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera litura</Emphasis> Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
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Authors: | Sarfraz Ali Shad Ali H Sayyed Sahar Fazal Mushtaq A Saleem Syed Muhammad Zaka Muhammad Ali |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan;(2) Institute of Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan;(3) Department of Bioinformatics, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan; |
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Abstract: | Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest and has been shown to be resistant to a wide range of insecticides, which
has led to sporadic out breaks of the pest and failure of crops. We were interested to establish if resistance to insecticides
is diverse in different populations of S. litura collected from various areas with variable temperatures. We collected S. litura from eight different locations and compare the toxicity of insecticides. Resistance to the pyrethroids ranged from 20- to
11,700-fold compared with the Lab-PK (laboratory susceptible population). The resistance to bifenthrin was the lowest in a
population collected from Multan and the highest to esfenvalerate in a population collected from Lodhran. Similarly, very
high level of resistance to spinosad, indoxacarb, and methoxyfenozide was observed in all eight populations. In contrast,
resistance to organophosphates was significantly lower than the pyrethroids, spinosad, indoxacarb, and methoxyfenozide, while
toxicity of emamectin to field populations was similar to the Lab-Pk. The results are discussed in relation to integrated
pest management (IPM) for S. litura with special reference to management of field evolved resistance to insecticides. |
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