欠发达地区土地利用变化及其生态服务价值响应——以陕西省安康市为例

基于2002和2008年陕西省安康市2期的土地利用变更详查数据,综合运用单项土地利用动态度和综合土地利用动态度分析了安康市土地利用变化的态势;参照我国陆地生态系统单位价值服务当量表,应用Costanza等提出的生态系统服务价值估算公式,测算了该市2002和2008年生态系统服务功能的价值。结果表明:2002～2008年,安康市耕地和牧草地大量减少,林地、园地、湿地、水域和建设用地逐步增加,土地利用变换主要发生在耕地、牧草地和林地、园地之间;安康市生态系统服务总价值净增加77.39亿元,大面积的耕地、牧草地转化为生态价值系数较高的林地和园地是区域生态系统服务价值增加的主要原因;生态系统单项服务功能除食物生产和废物处理外,均呈增长态势;生态系统服务价值构成中,林地贡献率高达80%以上,这一特征在研究期进一步巩固。

Land Utilization Variation and Response of Its Ecological Service Value in Less Developed Area: Taking Example for Ankang City of Shaanxi Province

Based on the detailed survey data of the land utilization status in Ankang city in the year 2002 and 2008,the article used the dynamic degrees of both single-item land utilization and comprehensive land utilization to analyze the changing trend of land use in Ankang.Referring to the equivalent table of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem service value per unit,the ecosystems service values of this city in the year 2002 and 2008 were estimated by using Costanza’s formulae.The results showed that: from 2002 to 2008,the areas of the cultivated land and grassland in Ankang reduced significantly,while the areas of woodland,garden land,building land,wetland and water-area were gradually increased,and the transformation of land utilization occurred mainly between the cultivated land,grassland and woodland,garden land.The ecosystem service value of Ankang city increased by 77.39 hundred million yuan,which was caused mainly by the large-area transformation of the cultivated land and grassland into woodland and garden land.Meanwhile,the various single ecosystem service function value showed an increasing tendency except for food production and waste disposal.In the structure of ecosystem service value,the contribution rate of woodland surpassed 80%,and this feature was further consolidated in the period of this study.