安徽省夏季高温发生规律及对一季稻生长的影响

[目的]通过历史气象资料分析,揭示安徽省夏季高温发生规律及对一季稻生长的影响,为水稻高温热害的防御提供科学依据。[方法]以气象地面观测资料、农作物发育期观测资料及产量结构资料为基本数据源,分析安徽省近50年来夏季高温发生规律及分布特征。针对典型年夏季高温发生特点,结合一季稻所处发育期的温度适宜指标和高温危害指标,简要分析安徽夏季高温热害对一季稻水稻生长发育的危害和对产量的影响。[结果]安徽省高温热害持续的时间与出现频次都是沿江高于江淮之间,江淮之间高于沿淮。安徽夏季高温发生时段主要集中在7月中旬至8月上旬。水稻抽穗扬花期遇到高温热害,可导致空壳率、秕谷率增加,千粒重下降。[结论]安徽省江淮地区高温热害的主要发生时段与一季稻抽穗扬花期基本吻合,可通过推迟栽插期来避免一季稻遭受高温热害。

Analysis on Law of High Temperature in Summer and Its Influence on Single-season Rice Planting in Anhui Province

[Objective] In order to provide scientific basis for rice to defend high temperature,the law of the high temperature in summer and its influence on single-season rice planting in Anhui Province was revealed by analyzing the meteorological data.[Method] The law of the high temperature and distribution characteristics in summer during the past fifty years were analyzed based on the meteorological ground observation data,period of crop development observation data and yield structure data.According to the characteristics of the high temperature in summer in typical year,combining the temperature suitable index and high temperature harmfulness index in the development period of the single-season rice,the influence on the single-season rice by the high temperature in summer in Anhui Province was simply analyzed.[Result] The continuous time and frequency of high temperature in Anhui Province in district along Yangtze River were more than those in district between the Yangtze River and Huaihe river,and those in district along the Huaihe river was the lest.The frequency of the high temperature appeared between the late July and the early August.The high temperature could cause the rate of shell and valley grain rate increase and thousand-grain weight decrease in heading flowering period.[Conclusion] The period of high temperature was according with the period of heading flowering.The high temperature could be avoided by postponing the sowing time.