不同覆膜栽培方式对胡麻水分利用效率和产量的影响

为探讨不同覆膜栽培方式对干旱无灌溉胡麻田水分动态和胡麻产量的影响,以露地条播种植为对照(CK),对4种栽培方式(全膜穴播、残膜穴播、露地穴播、垄膜沟播)下胡麻田土壤水分、胡麻生长状况、水分利用效率和产量进行研究。结果表明,覆膜处理可缩短胡麻生育期约3d,提高出苗率7.3%~11.0%,生长前期增加生物干质量2.11~4.31倍,后期增加16.97~22.31倍。水分利用效率较CK高出19.73%~26.00%,籽粒产量提高23.60%~29.67%。综合考虑经济效益和生产可操作性,覆膜栽培优于露地栽培,穴播优于条播,残膜穴播优于揭膜后全膜穴播。残膜穴播是兼顾可操作性和经济效益的胡麻栽培方式,适宜在干旱无灌溉区推广。

Effects of Different Film-mulching on Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Flax

This study was carried out to reveal the influence of mulching managements on soil moisture content,growth condition,water use efficiency and grain yield in flax field. Flax was grown in five cultivation patterns:field-kept film substituted using new plastic film with soil covering on the top and crop bunch-seeding,field-kept film and bunch-seeding,field-kept film collected and non-mulching bunch-seeding,ridges mulched with plastic film and row-seeding in the furrow and non-mulching with row-seeding as control (CK). The results showed that compared with CK,the growing period of the three plastic mulching treatments were shortened by 3 days,the germination rates were improved by 7.3% to 11.0%,the biological dry mass were increased by 2.11 to 4.31 times in early stage of the growth,and 16.97 to 22.31 in the later stage. Compared with the CK,water use efficiency of plastic mulching treatments were 19.73% to 26.00% higher and the flax yield were improved by 23.60% to 29.67%. In a comprehensive consideration of economical return,operability and practicality,field-kept film bunch-seeding cultivation is recommended as an applicable and profitable cultivation pattern in dryland oil flax production.