哈密瓜常温保鲜贮运技术研究

该研究旨在解决新疆哈密瓜采后低温贮运费用高,常温贮运腐烂率高,损失严重的问题。针对哈密瓜采后腐烂的主要病原菌匍枝根霉(R.stolonifer)、链格孢霉(A.Alternata)、半裸镰刀菌(F.semitectum)、脂状青霉(P.digitatum),筛选出对症的抑菌剂,并研究其最适使用浓度;以常温贮藏哈密的瓜失重率、呼吸强度、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、纤维素酶、果胶甲酯酶(PE)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性等为指标,研究云南虫胶作为被膜对哈密瓜采后生理的影响及其最适使用浓度。含有0.60g/L扑海因、0.8g/L氯硝胺、0.6g/L特克多、0.8g/L施宝功和1∶24(V.V-1)虫胶的混合溶液浸泡哈密瓜10s,于28℃,85%RH,贮藏30d,腐烂率1.87%,同期对照腐烂率49.54%。处理后的哈密瓜在室外温度28～34℃、棚车内温度30～38℃的条件下,经过12～15d由新疆哈密运抵苏州、上海、广州的腐烂率分别为3.37%、4.12%和4.86%。哈密瓜表皮以内0.8cm几乎无抑菌剂残留。用上述配方的虫胶与抑菌剂的混合溶液浸泡哈密瓜,可有效降低哈密瓜采后常温贮运中的腐烂率,保持良好风味和商品质量,大量节省运输费用

Storage and Transport Technology of Hami Melon at Ambient Temperature

The research objective is to reduce expensive costs on storage and transport at low temperature and large loss at ambient temperature of Xinjiang Hami melon. The main pathogenic fungi, Rhizopus.stolonifer, Alternaia alternata, Fusarium semitectum, Penicillium digitatum were identified by potato-sucrose culture medium. Effective fungicides and their optimum application were assessed. Weight loss, respiration intensity(RI), and the activities of catalase(CAT), cellulase, pectinesterase(PE), polygalacturonase(PG) of Hami melon were measured during storage at normal atmospheric temperature. The use of shellac coat for physiological activities of postharvest Hami melon was evaluated. The melon was soaked in the solution with 0.6 g/L Iprodione, 0.8 g/L Botran, 0.6 g/L Thiabendazole, 0.8 g/L Sporgon and 1∶24(V/V) shellac for 10 s. The rotting rate was 1.87% after 30-day storage at 28℃ and 85% RH, compared with 49.54% of control. After 12～15 d during transport by freight train from Hami in Xinjiang to Suzhou, Shanghai and Guangzhou at 28～34℃ outside and 30～38℃ inside the train, the rotting rates for the treated melon were 3.37%, 4.12% and 4.86%, respectively. The fungicide residues in a depth of 0.8 cm of the peel were almost not detected. Application of fungicides in combination with shellac reduced markedly the rotting rate during transport at ambient temperature, with a delicious flavor.