日本的泥沙灾害监测预警体系及其启示

 日本的泥沙灾害监测预警体系由泥沙灾害危险区域的判别调查、泥沙灾害监测系统、泥沙灾害预警系统和防灾预案等4部分构成。其中,泥沙灾害危险区域的判别调查是基础,泥沙灾害监测系统和预警系统是核心,防灾预案是关键。在地域合作防灾体系中,由国家对地方政府进行技术指导和资金补助,地方政府对基层政府进行技术指导和资金补助,地方政府指导防灾活动,基层政府向居民提供防灾信息,实施防灾训练等。日本在泥沙灾害监测预警体系建设方面的经验值得我国在建设水土保持监测网络与信息系统工作中借鉴。

Monitoring and early warning system of sediment disaster in Japan and enlightenment from it

Monitoring and early warning system of sediment disaster in Japan consists of danger area investigation and division, monitoring system, early warning system and disaster guarding preparatory scheme. Danger area investigation and division is the foundation, the monitoring system and early warning system are the heart, the disaster guarding preparatory scheme is the key. In district cooperating disaster system, instructor and financial subsidy are provided from the state to local government to grass-roots government level by level. Local government instructs disaster prevention, grass-roots government supply disaster information and train dweller to defend disaster and so on. The experience in the construction of sediment disaster monitoring and early warning system in Japan is worth making use of reference in China.