异色瓢虫人工繁育中滞育成虫的冷藏条件

为延长异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis成虫的货架期，提高规模化生产的灵活度，于室内条件下测定不同温度和光周期对异色瓢虫滞育率的影响、不同温度对异色瓢虫滞育持续时间的影响及不同冷藏温度和冷藏时间对异色瓢虫生物学特性的影响。结果表明，在低温和短光照条件下能诱导异色瓢虫成虫滞育，当温度为20℃、光周期为10 L:14 D时其雌、雄成虫的滞育率均高于95.0%。异色瓢虫的滞育持续时间受滞育诱导温度影响较小，在温度15℃、光周期10 L:14 D和温度20℃、光周期10 L:14 D两种条件下诱导的滞育异色瓢虫在温度25℃、光周期14 L:10 D下均能快速解除滞育，在该条件下饲养10 d时其滞育解除率达90.0%以上。与8℃和12℃冷藏30 d相比，4℃冷藏30 d时异色瓢虫的存活率、总产卵量和捕食量均显著下降；当冷藏温度为12℃，冷藏时间显著影响异色瓢虫雌成虫的捕食量、寿命、产卵前期、总产卵量和卵孵化率，但对雄成虫的捕食量无显著影响。异色瓢虫冷藏期间主要以脂类和糖类作为能量物质，其冷藏期间存活率与相对总脂含量、总糖含量正相关。综上，在实际生产中异色瓢虫可在温度20℃、光周期10 L:14 D条件下诱导滞育，在12℃冷藏90 d不会降低生物适合度。

Cold storage for artificial rearing of diapause adults of multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis

To extend the shelf life of adults and improve the flexibility of large-scale production, the effects of temperature, photoperiod, and cold storage parameters on diapause rate, intensity, and lifehistory traits of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis were investigated. The results showed that diapause could be induced in beetles by low temperatures and short daylight, with a diapause rate exceeding 95.0% at 20 ℃ and 10 L:14 D photoperiod. Temperature had minimal effect on diapause duration; however, diapausing H. axyridis at 15 ℃ and 20 ℃ under a 10 L:14 D photoperiod could quickly terminate diapause when subjected to 25 ℃ and 14 L:10 D, with more than 90.0% of H. axyridis terminating diapause within 10 d. Compared to 8 ℃ and 12 ℃, the survival rate, total egg production, and feeding amount of H. axyridis significantly decreased at 4 ℃ after 30 d of cold storage. Cold storage duration significantly affected life-history traits of female H. axyridis adults, including feeding amount, longevity, pre-reproductive period, total egg production, and hatching rate, while it had no significant effect on feeding amount of male adults. Lipids and sugars were identified as the main energy-consuming substances during cold storage of H. axyridis, and survival rate was positively correlated with total lipid and carbohydrate content during cold storage. In summary, in mass production, the optimal conditions for diapause induction in H. axyridis were found to be 20 ℃, 10 L: 14 D photoperiod. Furthermore, diapausing beetles stored at 12 ℃ for less than 90 d did not reduce their biological fitness.