以捕食性瓢虫为招引目标的城市绿地植物群落构建

捕食性瓢虫是城市绿地刺吸类害虫的优势天敌，对其进行科学招引，可有效控制刺吸害虫发生，降低农药使用量，并促进生态系统平衡。以北京城市绿地捕食性瓢虫为对象，在系统研究其发生规律和捕食特点的基础上，提出绿地植物群落构建方法和模式。结果表明:1）调查共发现捕食性瓢虫15种，隶属11属，异色瓢虫等4种瓢虫为优势种，具有较高的优势度和生态位宽度；2）优势瓢虫的数量在5月下旬至7月上旬达到高峰；3）蒙椴等10种植物被筛选为捕食性瓢虫的补充营养蜜粉源植物；4）蒙椴等15种植物被确定为诱集捕食性瓢虫的可利用植物；5）以植物景观规划、核心区域选定、目标设定、蜜粉源植物选择和群落构建为基本步骤，提出以捕食性瓢虫为招引目标的植物群落构建方法和3种植物群落构建模式。

Contruction of Plant Communities Attracting Predatory Ladybugs in Urban Open Space

Predatory ladybugs are the dominant natural enemy of sucking pests in urban open spaces.Scientific attraction can effectively control the occurrence of sucking pests,reduce the use of pesticide,and promote the balance of ecosystem.Taking the predatory ladybugs occurring in the open spaces in Beijing as the research objects,the annual development regularities and feeding characteristics were investigated.The method and modes of plant community construction in urban open spaces were put forward.1)The results showed that 15 species of ladybugs belonging to 11 genera were found.2)Four species including Harmonia axyridis,were recognized as the dominant species with the higher Mcnaughton dominance and Smith niche breadth index.The number of dominant ladybugs peaked from late May to early July.3)Ten species of plants,including Tilia mongolica,were selected as the insectary plants for predatory ladybugs.4)Fifteen species of plants,such as T.mongolica,were identified as available plants for attracting predatory ladybugs.5)Based on the basic steps of plantscape planning,core area selection,target setting,insectary plant selection and plant community construction,1 method and 3 models of plant community construction with predatory ladybugs as the target were proposed.