宁东煤矿基地采煤沉陷区植被动态变化研究

宁东煤炭基地经过长期大规模煤炭开采造成大面积植被损毁，产生一系列生态环境问题。以韦州矿区为例，基于11期Landsat影像，应用归一化植被指数（NDVI）、植被覆盖度（FVC）及一元线性回归分析方法，探讨了煤炭开发对生态的影响及时空表征，为生态治理和生态安全保障提供理论支持和技术支撑。结果表明，韦州矿区近11 a间NDVI年均值总体呈现上升趋势，大部分区域以低植被覆盖度为主。在2007-2017年期间韦州矿区大部分区域植被均得到了中度和轻微改善，植被改善的区域面积占全区面积的95.27%，退化区域仅为0.25%。而在2013-2017年大部分区域植被覆盖度基本保持不变，植被改善面积比为13.44%，退化面积比为11.69%。韦二矿区重度损毁区植被退化程度要大于中度和轻度损毁区，植被退化区域所占面积比依次为18.56%、12.85%、6.64%，表明采煤沉陷在一定程度上对矿区生态环境造成了一定的破坏,影响着植被生长。

Vegetation Dynamics in Mining Subsidence Area of Ningdong Coal Mine Base

A series of ecological and environmental problems have occurred due to the extensive vegetation damages caused by long term and large scale mining in Ningdong coal mine base.In this study,taking the Weizhou coal mining area of Ningdong coal mine base as an example,the impacts and spatiotemporal representation of coal mining on the ecology were investigated by using normalized vegetation index(NDVI),vegetation coverage(FVC) and linear regression analysis based on the 11th Landsat images to provide theoretical and technical supports for the ecological management and ecological safety securing.The results showed that the average annual NDVI value of Weizhou mining area presented an upward trend in the past eleven years,and most of the areas had low vegetation coverage.In 2007-2017,most of the vegetations in the Weizhou mining area were moderately and slightly improved.The area of vegetation improvement accounted for 95.27% of the total area,and the degraded area was only 0.25% of the total.The vegetation coverage in most areas remained basically the same,the area ratio of vegetation improvement was 13.44%,and the ratio of degraded area was 11.69%.The degree of vegetation degradation in the severely damaged area was higher than those in the moderately and slightly damaged area,and the proportions of vegetation degradation areas severely,moderately,and slightly damaged areas were 18.56%,12.85% and 6.64%,respectively,indicating that mining subsidence had caused some damages to the ecological environment of the mining area and affected the growth of vegetation to some extent.