澳洲坚果青皮发酵肥对茶园土壤养分和茶叶品质的影响

【目的】探究澳洲坚果青皮在肥料领域的利用及其对茶园土壤和茶叶产量和质量的影响，为改良茶园土壤营养状况及提升茶叶产量和质量提供参考。【方法】以废弃的澳洲坚果青皮为原料发酵成堆肥，以常规化肥施肥为对照，考察不同化肥减量（减少20%、40%和60%）施用配合澳洲坚果青皮发酵肥增施（15000、22500和30000 kg/ha）模式下的茶园土壤肥力及茶叶产量和质量。【结果】茶园减施20%化肥并增施15000~30000 kg/ha澳洲坚果青皮发酵肥，以及减施40%化肥并增施30000 kg/ha澳洲坚果青皮发酵肥的施肥模式均可提高茶园土壤pH，使其达到适合茶树生长的pH范围；同时，茶叶的产量相关指标（百芽重、芽密度、鲜茶叶产量）和茶叶质量相关指标（茶多酚、咖啡碱、氨基酸、儿茶素、水浸出物）均高于或显著高于（P<0.05）单施化肥的对照组。而减施60%化肥的试验组，即使增施了澳洲坚果青皮发酵肥，对茶园的土壤和茶叶产量和质量亦有不利影响。【结论】减施20%化肥同时增施不少于15000 kg/ha澳洲坚果青皮发酵肥，以及减施40%化肥同时增施30000 kg/ha澳洲坚果青皮发酵肥的施肥模式可在茶叶种植中推广应用。

Effects of wet compost of macadamia nut peel on tea garden soil nutrient and tea quality

【Objective】 To explore the utilization of macadamia nut peel in the field of fertilizer and its impact on the soil nutrient and yield and quality of tea garden, and provide reference for improving the soil nutritional status of tea garden and improving the yield and quality of tea garden.【Method】 The macadamia nut peel were fermented into fertilizer and applied on tea orchard. Using conventional fertilizer as control, testing the application patterns of different fertilizer reductions(20%, 40% and 60% reduction) combined with increased application of fermented fertilizer of macadamia nut peel(15000, 22500 and 30000 kg/ha), and invested its effect on soil fertility, tea yield and quality.【Result】 The experimental group which was reduced 20% chemical fertilizer and add 15000-30000 kg/ha macadamia husk fertilizer, and the experimental group with a 40% reduction in fertilizer applied an additional 30000 kg/ha of macadamia husk fertilizer could both increase the pH of soil, making it suitable for tea tree growth. At the same time, tea yield related indicators(the weigh of one hundred tea bud, thickness of tea bud and area yield) and tea quality related indexes(tea polyphenols, caffeine, amino acids, catechins, water extract) were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). In the experimental group with a 60% reduction in fertilizer application, even with the addition of macadamia nut peel fermentation fertilizer, the soil and tea yield and quality of the tea garden were adversely affected.【Conclusion】 The fertilization mode that reduces fertilizer application by 20% and simultaneously increases macadamia nut peel fertilizer by no less than 15000 kg/ha and reduces fertilizer application by 40% and simultaneously increases macadamia nut peel fertilizer by 30000 kg/ha can be promoted for tea plantation.