广东黄心树种质表型与遗传多样性分析

【目的】研究广东地区黄心树（Machilus gamblei）种质资源表型与遗传多样性，为黄心树种质资源的保护、利用及新品种选育提供基础数据。【方法】选择广东地区具有代表性的黄心树种群，从广州王子山森林公园、从化石门森林公园、惠州南昆山风景区等5个样地取样，测定黄心树表型性状指标与RAPD分子标记分析DNA片段多态性，探究黄心树种质资源表型与遗传多样性参数在群体间、群体内的分布与特征。【结果】测定的黄心树15个表型性状指标中，有12个性状指标的变异系数（CV）低于其平均值，11个性状指标的遗传多样性指数（H'）高于其平均值，表明其表型性状变异程度小，但变异类型丰富。高引物解析强度（Rp）引物OPAA-16、OPBH-10和OPB-17可有效评估黄心树样本间的遗传多样性。基于表型性状对30份黄心树样本进行聚类分析，以遗传距离10为阈值，广州王子山森林公园、从化石门森林公园与汕头南澳岛旅游区的样本的表征亲缘关系较接近。基于RAPD分子标记对30份黄心树样本进行聚类分析，在遗传距离为15时，可将所有样本分为5个类群，惠州南昆山风景区、从化石门森林公园与广州王子山森林公园的样本遗传距离较近，汕头市南澳岛旅游区与深圳马峦山郊野公园的样本也表现出相似的遗传背景。对比广东地区黄心树表型性状与RAPD分子标记的聚类分析，发现二者类群中样本情况一致性较差。【结论】广东地区黄心树种质的表型与遗传在种群间和种群内部变异都较为丰富，其中惠州南昆山风景区黄心树种群的表型与遗传多样性最为丰富，树种遗传改良、资源开发利用等相关工作可于此处开展。

Phenotype and genetic diversity of Machilus gamblei King ex Hook. f. germplasm in Guangdong

【Objective】To study the phenotype and genetic diversity of Machilus gamblei King ex Hook. f. germplasm in Guangdong and provide the basic data for conservation, effective utilization of M. gamblei gemplasm and the breeding of new varieties.【Method】Five typical populations of M. gamblei in Guangdongwere selected, such as Guangzhou Wangzishan Forest Park, Conghua Shimen National Forest Park, Huizhou Nankunshan Resort and so on. Phenotypic traits were determined and RAPD markerswere used in this study to analyze DNA fragment diversity, to explore the distribution and characteristics of phenotypicand genetic diversity between the populations and inside the populations.【Result】Among the 15 phenotypic traits of M. gamblei, the coefficient variation(CV) of 12 phenotypic traits were lower than its average;and the genetic diversity index(H') of 11 traits were higher than the average. The result showed that M. gamblei variation degree of phenotypic traits was low, but the variation types were abundant. The high resolving power(Rp) primers, OPAA-16, OPBH-10 and OPB-17, could effectively evaluate the genetic diversity among different samples of M. gambleiin Guangdong. Based on phenotypic traits, 30 samples of M. gamblei were clustered when genetic distance was 10, and the characterization relationship of samples which from Guangzhou Wangzishan Forest Park, Conghua Shimen Forest Park and Shantou Nanao Island Resorts was close. At the genetic distance of 15, based on the RAPD markers, 30 samples could be divided into 5 groups, samples of Huizhou Nankunshan Resorts, Shimen Forest Park and Wangzishan Forest Park had close genetic distance, samples of Nanao Island Resorts and Shenzhen Maluanshan Country Park showed similar genetic background. By comparing the cluster of phenotypic traits and RAPD markers, poor consistency of samples in the two groups was found.【Conclusion】The phenotypic traits and genetic diversity of M. gamblei in Guangdong has rich variation between the populations and inside the populations. Samples from Huizhou Nankunshan Resort show the richest variation in both phenotypic traits and genetic diversity, which would be helpful for germplasm resources species improvement, effective utilization and other related researches.