内蒙古草原革蜱的鉴定、人工饲养及生活史观察

为了解内蒙古草原革蜱的发育生活史，同时为草原革蜱及其蜱传病的研究提供可控、充足的试验材料。对采自内蒙古地区的蜱进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定，以小鼠为唯一供血动物，在实验室自然光照条件下进行人工饲养，观察记录该蜱的生活史周期及生物学特性。结果表明，形态学结合分子生物学方法鉴定为草原革蜱；饱血雌蜱产卵期为13～18 d，日均产卵量约219枚，总产卵量达2 680～4 050枚；蜱卵经25～29 d孵化为幼蜱，孵化率达到93.33%；幼蜱吸血期为4～6 d，蜕化期为4～15 d，蜕化率达到80.89%；若蜱吸血期为4～8 d，蜕化期为12～21 d，蜕化率达到68.10%。说明成功建立内蒙古草原革蜱实验室人工饲养方法，明确从饱血雌蜱产卵至下一代成蜱平均需90.66 d。

Identification,Artificial Feeding and Life History Observation of Dermacentor nuttalli in Inner Mongolia

In order to provide sufficient experimental data for the study of Dermacentor nuttalli and tick borne diseases by understanding its development and life history in Inner Mongolia,the ticks were collected from Inner Mongolia and identified morphologically by molecular biology.Kunming mice were used as the only blood supply animal,the artificial feeding was carried out under natural light conditions in the laboratory.The life cycle and biological characteristics of the tick were observed and recorded.The ticks collected were identified as meadow leather ticks by morphology and molecular biology.The spawning period of the full-blooded female tick recorded was 13-18 days.The average number of eggs laid/day was about 219,and the total number of laid eggs was 2 680-4 050.The eggs of ticks were hatched into young ticks after 25-29 days,and the hatching rate reached 93.33%.The blood-sucking period of ticks was 4-6 days,and the molting period was 4-15 days.The molting rate was 80.89%.For ticks with blood-sucking period of 4-8 days,the degeneration period was 12-21 days,reaching a degeneration rate of 68.10%.The laboratory artificial feeding method of ticks in Inner Mongolia Dermacentor nuttalli was successfully established,and the results clearly showed that the average spawning time of ticks to the next generation was 90.66 days.