黑河流域中下游地区土地沙漠化现状及其原因分析

利用最新的土地沙漠化遥感监测数据(2000年),研究分析了黑河流域中下游地区的土地沙漠化现状及土地沙漠化发展的原因,并提出了其土地沙漠化防治的具体对策和措施。结果表明,2000年黑河流域中下游地区共有沙漠化土地13508.4km2,土地沙漠化类型包括耕地、草场、砾质沙漠化以及沙丘活化4种,总面积占监测土地面积(114446km2)的11.8%,其中轻度沙漠化土地27.4km2,占沙漠化土地总面积的0.2%,中度沙漠化土地1321.4km2,占9.8%,重度沙漠化土地2274.3km2,占16.8%,严重沙漠化土地9885.3km2,占73.2%,区内土地沙漠化形势严峻,以严重沙漠化土地类型占优势,特别是在黑河流域下游地区。黑河流域中下游地区土地沙漠化的发生和发展是自然和人为因素共同作用的结果,其中人类对流域内水资源的不合理利用是其主要驱动力。

Current Status and Causes of Land Desertification in Middle and Lower Reaches of Heihe River Basin

Based on the latest data of remote sensing on sandy desertification land in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin, we analyzed the area, types, distribution, and degree and discussed the main factors of sandy desertification land in the study area. In the end, we put forward some measures to combat sandy desertification land in the Heihe River Basin. The area of sandy desertification land in the basin was 13 508.4 km~2, which mainly distributed in the Ejin Oasis located in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin. There were 4 types of sandy desertification land in the study area with the major type being the sandy gravel land; the serious, higher, middle and lower degree of sandy desertification land accounted for 73.2%, 16.8%, 9.8% and 0.2%, respectively. The origination and development of sandy desertification in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin were resulted from the comprehensive effects and processes of natural and human, especially the misuse of water resources, which the human factors played an important role in the development of sandy desertification.